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AP bio unit 2
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JAN DEC NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN OCT SEP AUG JUL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUBJECT: Unit 2-Cell Structure & Basic Notes Surface area to volume ratio: large ratio allows for more efficent exchange of materials. -smaller organisms have large SALV -larger organisms have smaller SAIV Endosymbiosis: theory that onloroplasts mitochondria used to be independent cells prokaryptic Endocytosis: Cells attemp to "engulp" large substances •Pinocytosis: cell-drinking (liquids) • Phagocytosis : cell (solids) cell-eating • Receptor-mediated:folding in (engulping) Bulk Flow: One way movement of fluid by pressure (blood) Dialysis: diffusion of solutes across selectivly permeable membrane (Kidneys) Exocytosis: cell ejects waste. Prokaryotes • Ex: bacteria + archea capsule Cell wall Function ribosome Chromosome -nudeoid Capsule: outermost layer: : extra protection cell wall : made of peptidoglycans Plasma membrane: lipid layer Nucleoid: inner area with -flagella free ploating chromosomal material plasma membrane Ribosome: Smaller than those in Eukaryotes Cytoplasm: liquid / jelly Substance pilling cell JUN FEB MAR APR AUG JUL SEP NOV OCT DEC JAN MAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUBJECT: Eukaryotes Pinocytotic vesiele Rib- Somes centri- oles nude nuckolus/) Golgi body Cytoplasm plasma membrane Animal Plasma Membrane P.P. lysosome intergral protein -Rough ER Vacubie -Smooth ER ARR 188² THE BAR mitochondria · Peripheral protein 889 Plant -Carbohydrate :> bilbager Bilayer: layer of 2 phospholipidl Chains w/ tails facing eachother + reads facing Peripheral Proteins: binded to inside & outside Integral Proteins: Bound inside both layers Cell wall 1-Chloropas+ ор Rough ER: contain ribosomes -Central vacuole •Both help langer molecules pass through cell...
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Alternative transcript:
bilayer adhesion proteins: form junctions w/ adjacent cells Receptor Proteins: "docking sites" Carbohydrate Side Chain: help stabolize - maintain fluidity Nucleus: -home of DNA info stored in chromosomes Nucleolus: RNA is mode & ribosomes are assembled Ribosomes make proteins required by the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum: Mechanical support during intracellular transport Smooth ER: breaks down toxic chemicals & makes hormones & Steroids JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUBJECT: Golg: Complex modify, process. 4 Ser vesicles: carry products out of cell Mitochondria: - The "power house that converts energy into organic molecules Cristae: folds that increase SA:V ratio to increase efficency of making ATIP Lysosomes: digestive enzymes that break down particles. Aid in apgotosis. organelles + + water Centrioles: produce microtubules during cell division. Vacuoles: fluid filled sacs that store food Peroxisomes: : detoxify stubstances + -produce hydrogen peroxide as a biproduct. Common in liver + kidney Matrix -Cristae Cell wall: -ALANT -mode of cellulose or chitin Chloroposts: Contain Chlorophyl18 + aid in photosynthesis Central Vacuole filled w/ sap + is regulated by furgor pressure Transport - Ability to move molecules across the membrane depends on: -Size -Charge Facilitated T.: everything - hydrophobic molecules need help passing through bilayer -Use of specialized tunnles -aquaporins: water s specific Passive T: -does not require metabolic Input -any Osmosis HO channels time a substance moves by diffusion. T to concentration. movement of water from "move down concentration gradient" JAN FEB MAR APR MAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SUBJECT: SEP OCT NOV JUN JUL AUG 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 15 16 17 28 29 30 Tonicity -describe osmotic gradient Isotonic: equallibrium Hypertonic: Solutions have mor particles than cell (cell Shrivles) Hypotonic:Cell has more particles than Solution (cell swells) Water Potentialy -egarness of water to flow from I to ↓ concentration 1 water potential = 1² concentration R=0.0831 (constant) Active Transporti in ZK movement against natural flow (& to↑ Concentration) Sodium-Potassium Pump: usher out 3NA boring ions across depends on ATP to get DEC 31 4
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JAN DEC NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN OCT SEP AUG JUL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUBJECT: Unit 2-Cell Structure & Basic Notes Surface area to volume ratio: large ratio allows for more efficent exchange of materials. -smaller organisms have large SALV -larger organisms have smaller SAIV Endosymbiosis: theory that onloroplasts mitochondria used to be independent cells prokaryptic Endocytosis: Cells attemp to "engulp" large substances •Pinocytosis: cell-drinking (liquids) • Phagocytosis : cell (solids) cell-eating • Receptor-mediated:folding in (engulping) Bulk Flow: One way movement of fluid by pressure (blood) Dialysis: diffusion of solutes across selectivly permeable membrane (Kidneys) Exocytosis: cell ejects waste. Prokaryotes • Ex: bacteria + archea capsule Cell wall Function ribosome Chromosome -nudeoid Capsule: outermost layer: : extra protection cell wall : made of peptidoglycans Plasma membrane: lipid layer Nucleoid: inner area with -flagella free ploating chromosomal material plasma membrane Ribosome: Smaller than those in Eukaryotes Cytoplasm: liquid / jelly Substance pilling cell JUN FEB MAR APR AUG JUL SEP NOV OCT DEC JAN MAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUBJECT: Eukaryotes Pinocytotic vesiele Rib- Somes centri- oles nude nuckolus/) Golgi body Cytoplasm plasma membrane Animal Plasma Membrane P.P. lysosome intergral protein -Rough ER Vacubie -Smooth ER ARR 188² THE BAR mitochondria · Peripheral protein 889 Plant -Carbohydrate :> bilbager Bilayer: layer of 2 phospholipidl Chains w/ tails facing eachother + reads facing Peripheral Proteins: binded to inside & outside Integral Proteins: Bound inside both layers Cell wall 1-Chloropas+ ор Rough ER: contain ribosomes -Central vacuole •Both help langer molecules pass through cell...
JAN DEC NOV FEB MAR APR MAY JUN OCT SEP AUG JUL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUBJECT: Unit 2-Cell Structure & Basic Notes Surface area to volume ratio: large ratio allows for more efficent exchange of materials. -smaller organisms have large SALV -larger organisms have smaller SAIV Endosymbiosis: theory that onloroplasts mitochondria used to be independent cells prokaryptic Endocytosis: Cells attemp to "engulp" large substances •Pinocytosis: cell-drinking (liquids) • Phagocytosis : cell (solids) cell-eating • Receptor-mediated:folding in (engulping) Bulk Flow: One way movement of fluid by pressure (blood) Dialysis: diffusion of solutes across selectivly permeable membrane (Kidneys) Exocytosis: cell ejects waste. Prokaryotes • Ex: bacteria + archea capsule Cell wall Function ribosome Chromosome -nudeoid Capsule: outermost layer: : extra protection cell wall : made of peptidoglycans Plasma membrane: lipid layer Nucleoid: inner area with -flagella free ploating chromosomal material plasma membrane Ribosome: Smaller than those in Eukaryotes Cytoplasm: liquid / jelly Substance pilling cell JUN FEB MAR APR AUG JUL SEP NOV OCT DEC JAN MAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUBJECT: Eukaryotes Pinocytotic vesiele Rib- Somes centri- oles nude nuckolus/) Golgi body Cytoplasm plasma membrane Animal Plasma Membrane P.P. lysosome intergral protein -Rough ER Vacubie -Smooth ER ARR 188² THE BAR mitochondria · Peripheral protein 889 Plant -Carbohydrate :> bilbager Bilayer: layer of 2 phospholipidl Chains w/ tails facing eachother + reads facing Peripheral Proteins: binded to inside & outside Integral Proteins: Bound inside both layers Cell wall 1-Chloropas+ ор Rough ER: contain ribosomes -Central vacuole •Both help langer molecules pass through cell...
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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries
Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.
Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...
iOS User
I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D
Stefan S, iOS User
The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D
SuSSan, iOS User
Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying
Alternative transcript:
bilayer adhesion proteins: form junctions w/ adjacent cells Receptor Proteins: "docking sites" Carbohydrate Side Chain: help stabolize - maintain fluidity Nucleus: -home of DNA info stored in chromosomes Nucleolus: RNA is mode & ribosomes are assembled Ribosomes make proteins required by the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum: Mechanical support during intracellular transport Smooth ER: breaks down toxic chemicals & makes hormones & Steroids JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SUBJECT: Golg: Complex modify, process. 4 Ser vesicles: carry products out of cell Mitochondria: - The "power house that converts energy into organic molecules Cristae: folds that increase SA:V ratio to increase efficency of making ATIP Lysosomes: digestive enzymes that break down particles. Aid in apgotosis. organelles + + water Centrioles: produce microtubules during cell division. Vacuoles: fluid filled sacs that store food Peroxisomes: : detoxify stubstances + -produce hydrogen peroxide as a biproduct. Common in liver + kidney Matrix -Cristae Cell wall: -ALANT -mode of cellulose or chitin Chloroposts: Contain Chlorophyl18 + aid in photosynthesis Central Vacuole filled w/ sap + is regulated by furgor pressure Transport - Ability to move molecules across the membrane depends on: -Size -Charge Facilitated T.: everything - hydrophobic molecules need help passing through bilayer -Use of specialized tunnles -aquaporins: water s specific Passive T: -does not require metabolic Input -any Osmosis HO channels time a substance moves by diffusion. T to concentration. movement of water from "move down concentration gradient" JAN FEB MAR APR MAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 SUBJECT: SEP OCT NOV JUN JUL AUG 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 15 16 17 28 29 30 Tonicity -describe osmotic gradient Isotonic: equallibrium Hypertonic: Solutions have mor particles than cell (cell Shrivles) Hypotonic:Cell has more particles than Solution (cell swells) Water Potentialy -egarness of water to flow from I to ↓ concentration 1 water potential = 1² concentration R=0.0831 (constant) Active Transporti in ZK movement against natural flow (& to↑ Concentration) Sodium-Potassium Pump: usher out 3NA boring ions across depends on ATP to get DEC 31 4