A gene is a sequence of nucleotides within DNA that encodes the production of a protein or RNA molecule and serves as the fundamental unit of heredity. Genes control protein synthesis, supplying the instructions required to construct these molecules. Genes in diverse creatures, including humans, can range in length from a few hundred to over a million bases.
According to the study notes of Lily. gene expression entails turning the genetic information encoded in DNA into the blueprints required for protein production. This method is separated into two main stages: transcription and translation. RNA polymerase, an enzyme found in the cell's nucleus, transcribes DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA is subsequently used as a template for protein synthesis during translation.
The nitrogenous bases (AUGC) of RNA combine with the bases (ATGC) of DNA to produce mRNA when this enzyme unzips the DNA strand. The freshly created mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm following transcription. Ribosomes read the mRNA three codons at a time during translation, the second stage of protein synthesis. Every codon designates a certain amino acid (glycine is coded by the codon GGU, for instance).
The right amino acids are subsequently transported to the ribosome by transfer RNA (tRNA), where they are joined in the sequence determined by the mRNA codons to form a polypeptide chain that finally folds into a functioning protein.
