- The Pacific Ocean acts as a thermostat, affecting weather and climate
- El Niño and La Niña are part of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena
- ENSO can cause extreme weather events across the globe
- El Niño brings heavy rainfall to some areas and drought conditions to others
- La Niña results in stronger trade winds, leading to drier-than-normal conditions in some regions
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