The aim of this review is to demonstrate our knowledge of the organic chemistry unit through regents multiple choice questions.
Organic Compounds and Properties
- Organic Compounds are ones that contain carbon. Carbon bonds with other carbons to form chains, branches, networks, and rings. These compounds have the following properties:
- Most are non-polar
- Most are soluble in non-polar solvents (like dissolves like)
- Most are non-electrolytes (organic acids are electrolytes!)
- Low melting points
- Reactions are slower than reaction of inorganic compounds
- Require a high activation energy to react
Hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen. There are 3 hydrocarbons listed in table Q of your reference table:
- Alkanes: hydrocarbons with all single bonds between carbons/follows the general formula CnH2n+2
- Alkenes: hydrocarbons with a double bond between two carbons/follows the general formula CnH2n
- Alkynes: hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two carbons/follows the general formula CnH2n-2
Isomers
- Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
- Naming two isomers, they should have different names but if same name, they are not isomers, they are the same compound.
Naming and Drawing Compounds
- When naming the longest chain of carbons and alkyl groups, use table P.
- If there are two of the same alkyl group/halide, use the prefix di. If there are three of the same alkyl group/halide, use the prefix tri. If there are four of the same alkyl group, use the prefix tetra.
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Compounds
- Saturated compounds are ones in which every carbon makes four single bonds.
- Unsaturated compounds are ones in which not all carbons make four single bonds. Alkanes are saturated compounds, whereas alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated compounds.
Comprehension Questions
- A compound that is classified as organic must contain the element carbon.
- A characteristic of most organic compounds is that they have low melting points.
Functional Groups
You must know the 9 functional groups in table R:
- Know how to identify them in condensed structural formulas, in structural formulas, and in names.
- Know how to draw compounds with functional groups and you should know how to name compounds with functional groups.
Types of Organic Reactions
- You must know the basics of the following organic reactions:
- Addition
- Substitution
- Esterification
- Fermentation
- Saponification
- Addition Polymerization
For more in-depth understanding of organic chemistry, you can refer to a Basic Organic Chemistry Review PDF which will provide you with comprehensive information.
