Level of Organization
The levels in the cells of an organism are arranged as follows (from smallest to largest):
- ATOM
- MOLECULE
- ORGANELLE
- CELL
Mitochondria Structural Features
The diagram shows the structural features of the mitochondria, including the inner membrane, outer membrane, cristae, and matrix.
DNA Structure & Replication
DNA Structure
- DNA is a nucleic acid that contains all genetic material.
- In eukaryotes, it is found in the nucleus, while in prokaryotes, it is located in the cytoplasm.
- The shape of DNA is called a double helix.
- It is made up of nucleotides, which consist of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base.
DNA Structure - Nucleotides
- DNA has a backbone and rungs. The backbone is made up of phosphate and sugar, while the rungs consist of nitrogen bases.
- There are four possible nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule: adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine.
DNA Structure - Histones
- Proteins called histones help to pack the DNA into the microscopic nucleus of the cell.
Complementary Base Pairing
- Nitrogen bases always pair with each other in a specific way, through complementary base pairing.
- The percentage of all four bases (A, T, G, and C) must add up to 100%.
DNA Replication Steps
- The DNA molecule untwists.
- The hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases are broken.
- Free nucleotides are added to the template strands.
- Two new double helices are formed.
Teaching Instructions
The instructions include coloring the individual structures on the worksheet, cutting out each structure, checking lab grades, and getting tutoring information.
Conclusion
The cell cycle and DNA structure and replication play a crucial role in the growth and development of organisms. Understanding the organization and structure of the cell, as well as the phases of the cell cycle, provides answers to the predictability of cellular growth. Moreover, knowledge of DNA structure and replication allows for a deeper understanding of genetic material and how it is passed on from generation to generation. All these aspects are essential for the proper functioning and survival of living organisms.
