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soitzing hovedd ut regorg Chemical Properties: the way, a substance may change / react t form other substances: to 70 (flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with acids) amo Jothom to dlane? A mi a moto tro19}}ib Intensive properties: independent of the amount of 2bit) Substance present (temperature, melting point) •uroy ton esob tent goitizogmos & bas Extensive properties: depend on amount of sample otai lbs (mass, volume) o tont egonnteduc :etnam 295ristadua olamia Chemical Change: transformes into new substance STOM DOS to bszomos essaiefadu2 abnossmod 8 Physical change changes physical appearance but not composition 295note due grom vo 20 noitenidmo): 290txiM utito Dissociation: Solvent pulls individual ions from the (pilesizung) crystal : zabit nogen stimilsb twoitia ogmos taptanos towal Electrolyte: dissociates into ions when dissolved in water →Non electrolyte • spg bevonent ad nose ad nos polation avansporsted tuopvornt smor twere sonoroogge & saibagong mõitizogmo) bro gus bedon yd noge od t'mos aglait vot: zuognapomon noituloas tuon quordt mrotinu gro ven't ventspot bamioj vo arote from 20s NoiNwNi etinu rsprod :29/vosloM gulovent of the Nuspor 0 to 22909201): poras dows of atromisu20am Love2 T0 2230192010: ento Classification of Matter Heterogeneous Mixture lo 106 9 10⁹ 10¹2 10¹5 Matter Nitst • uniform throughout? AXON of gan otso Pore substance. ↓ مودم Element stono dios reportyH ODH Prefixes tos • QUt -010 Kilo sti10 Deci Mega 10² Centi 2.54cm in seperable into smaller -3 Gigafat 10 Milli -6 Tera Micro pelo 6 Peta 109 Nano 2 NotA to 19 dmull ذر 2 Homogeneous variable composition? pieces?imotovlof -0) Compound A etitill startin 2 10¹2 Pico -15 Homogeneous ol mixture af Femto 18 10bix Ato -21 10 Zepto HU On -102 02 Stomorb Temperature bok = C° + 273.15 Density: do !! Fº=(C) +32 stadiont 5 C°= (F-32) 9 -EOP OTH zmoto Sitin 29/usalam 20 ulloruten rune tent tramal] Significant Figures: Multiplying use fewest signifinant aNiNDIN) - figure asportill saimond- MONXO Adding: use fewest decimal places Number of Atoms 1 2 3 4 5 NHu NO₂ Spoiti8 + 7 bunga pomol zvokaspamoli 9 bautxim lo JHOM TO monoitieap)) di tri HOM tetra - Stoodooow Penta, iNu- hexa hepta octa Bogmos aldoirov - Prefix Sanotedue nona ↓ deca 79/leme otai old pr9992 NO3 2- 2- SO4, S03 OH- Hydroxide CN Polyatomic lons i 2- Ammonium CO3²- Carbonate Nitrite Nitrate Sulfate ClO₂ Chlorite Sulfite 01 H₂PO₂ ² Dihydrogen Phosphate HCO₂ Hydrogen carbonate CLO Hypochlorite 29x²7979 2003090079tat 3- POy ³- Phosphate CrO4²- HPO2- Hate CrOu²- Chromate нройг 2- CLO3 Chlorate C0³M C₂ H 3 O₂ Acetate peid ol S Cyanide MnOu Permanganate $1 3101 10.₂2 + (0°) ² (SE-7°) ² = 1) انام = °7 -Bromine - Oxygen seaply Umingh teaws) savenibb A र्ट Dichromate 9 Peroxiderutoragmat ol P Element that accur naturally as molecules with 2 atoms tror Hydrogenas) sav - Fluorine 2- to dinemodifinpic from - Nitrogen mugi) - Chlorine mil=mapa.s Subscript: 2H₂O Coefficient. H₂O₂ Combination reaction: A + B → C < reversible Decomposition reaction: C→ A+B irreversible Combustion reaction: hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen in air Formular Weight: Sum of atomic weights for atoms. A: 1 (... amu) +B: 2... amu) AB2 amu Molecular Weight: atomic weight in molecule Percent Composition: Percentage of mass of a compound from each element in the compound % Element = (number of atoms) (atomic weight). 100 (FW of the compound) 23 Avogadro's Number: 6.022 × 10²3 = 1 mol Molar Mass: mass of 1 mol of a substance, same as Formula Weight, in mol Limiting Reactants: reactant is completely Consumed in the reaction Theoretical yield: maximum amount of product that can be made actual yield: actual amount that produces. Percent yield: Comparing actual amount to possible amount Percent yield - theoretical yield actual yield x 100 Law of constant Mass bruggmo) soloxo/oM total mass of substances stays the same after chemical processes worton 1250 : 29/u₂g/aM airenteic zmoto S Law of constant composition till noroby!! Sala given element always contains the same elements in the same mass proportions siter redmwn slonial toomal tolumot looniem] Law of multiple proportions of 20/431AM When 2 or more compounds exist from the same element, they can't have the same relative number of atoms/utrust 2 H Radioactivity: aia- a-particles positively charged. Wetemß- particles → negatively charged j- particles → uncharged Loteranon entrally montag12 Nucleus containing protons and neutrons spron)) lot loups's 2020! Same mass Volume occupied by electrons (relative mass) Mass number U (protons + neutrons) 12 76 atomic number Ca Symbol of Element Isotopes: atoms of the same element with different masses. - - different number of neutrons - same number of protons. Properties of metal: shiny luster, conducting heat & electricity, Solidity (exept mercury) Molecular Compound: composed of nonmetals and LoGimeno rotto mpz gilt spota molecules 10 23om lotot Diatomic Molecules: accur naturally as molecules c s containing 2 atoms Hydrogen enlowed Nitrogen amos oxygen Fluorine inamals am Chlorineistmos svou Brominesvilodine 2noitrogorg 33pm Empirical formula: lowest whole number ratio Molecular formula: exact number of atoms wo Nent tnomals smpe ont mort teixe ebnuramos grom vo S ment! Structural formula 1 MUN H₂-C7Hmozan't svod t'wes H lons when atom loses or gains Cations electron is lost (metal) Anions: electron is gained 2 no lonic compounds: Metal 22pm 9M02 tremel3 T H om sviteler znortas Group number 0 to 26. Mg²XN²₁ → Mg 3N₂00 M electron i Metal 209/ Nonmetal electrons (non metal. loses e equal to) (Charge equal to Group number - 8 :) 79dmun simoto Si (anotusn + anotong) :asgotoal 29220m tag9ib Ntiw tramels swipe ant to a moto anortuan to redmun tersib- emotory to rednown A izitaala & tear enitawlanos natzul unida :lptami to zaitragend (prushamy tasks) utibilea ta : 26iso prost? Types of electric current gring - electrons flowing through a wire (anode+ →-cathode) anions and cations moving through. al solution Arhenius's theory: Electrolytes dissociate to produce ion's the more the electrolytes dissociates, the more insit produces AI qud) 29b xorhun sinoi utaol: 2 send ever+2 ploityog singi :2920d doshl Strong electrolyte present almost completely a sions. → Solutions are good conductors Strong acids, Sakong Baze&o Mostowibderit souble Tonad compounds Weak electrolyte: Different weak electrolytes dissociate to different extents poor conductors ups slamox 3 Weakvacids, Ierakstants par, befelw biomic forhounds as molecules → : Nonelectrolyte present almost completely (p no conductor Most molecular compounds, Most organic compounds 29 Nos tant (Mr.0.0.0 noNt 2291) stuloe aldulozni : staticioar Solute: The substance being dissolved to two Solvent: The substance doing the dissolving Solution: a mixture of solute and solvent Concentration: quantity of a solute in a given quantity of solution concentrated solution: contains relatively large amount of moitabix solute vs. the solvent Nailough your O dilute solution: contains relatively small concentration of Nizazon solute vsil the solventuele enistul ) : tige pribad (2012) 29200)) Noition you ow Molarity: amount of solute in moles per liter of solution N of solute nit Noinmoles of Molarity: liters of solution mumica M widmun quord liters of solution Dilution: Process of preparing a more dilute solution by adding Solvent to a more concentrated one vintske cicbinte ni no wilt letow be distmo) ne Noiuloa Ni atrot voors: wandert int podrogorp 06 Strong acids: strong electrolytes, completely ionized in water Weak acids weak electrolytes, Some of the dissolved molecules ionize, roit do the rest remain as molecules D AND 2 NOIND- HCl (9) → H+ (aq) + Cl - (aq) il CH3 COOH (1) → H+ (aq) + CH3C00 (99) tiem szom eNt, es toipozzib sotulovals gut grow aNt. Strong bases: Mostly ionic hydroxides (Group IA, DA) ΠΑ) Weak bases: ionize partially NH3 + H2O NHết OH CH3NH2 + H2O → CH3NH3OH- → Now posilo 270 tsubnoj boop ovo anoitulo? = -Products of Neutralization: water & Salt staisozzib estulostagle doow tnorgffi@: stulmtaals dooh Example equations nos 200g - ionic equation. Strong acid + Strong base → Salt & Water 29/059)om 20 p/sisk tenet ionic equation/SNOW H² (99) + OH(aq) → H₂0 (1). Precipitate: insoluble solute (less than 0.001M) that comes out of solution pried sorptedue aNT:stulo 2 prjulozzib ant priob gomotedua ONT trevlo2 Oxidation: Loss of electrons Reduction: Gain of electrons 2 noidulge to uldhoup Navip o Ni stulbs o to utit roup : noite tasano) to Oxidation agent Contains element whose oxidation state decreases in a redox reaction (gains elections). • av stuloa to Noit ATENASNOS How? plavitoler Niptnos: noitulot stulib Reducing agent: Cantains element whose oxidation state increases in a redox reaction (looses electrons) noituloa to nstil 199 2910M Ni stuloe to truomo tir Oxidation number charge on anion Asitulo? utivolo M Maximum Oxidation number: Group number Minimum Oxidation number: Group number -8 : noituli ( gno befortresnos svoms of travloz pribbo Tritration: 2reactants in solution are combined until they are in stoichiometric proportion