Aqueous solutions are anything dissolved in water, which can be of two types: ionic and non-ionic. Ionic compounds, such as MgCl₂, can be soluble or insoluble in water, forming diagrams of solutions. The solubility of a compound determines whether it will dissolve in water or not. The solubility of a solute in a solvent can be affected by factors such as temperature, pressure, the composition of solute and solvent, and particle size.
Steps of Making an Aqueous Solution
When making an aqueous solution, the solute expands and its intermolecular forces are broken. The same occurs with the solvent. New interactions are then formed between ions and hydrogen. All these steps result in the formation of a homogeneous solution. And the formation of a solution can be exothermic or endothermic, depending on the energy changes during the process.
Solubility of Aqueous Solutions
The amount of solute that can dissolve in a given volume of solution is called solubility. Nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents, while polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents. An unsaturated solution contains less solute particles than its solubility, while a saturated solution contains the maximum solubility of solute particles.
Supersaturated solutions contain more than the solubility of solute particles and are unstable. Strong electrolytes fully dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes partially dissociate. Non-electrolytes are molecular compounds. Changes in concentration can be caused by changing the volume of the solvent, the amount of solute, and the temperature.
Factors Affecting Solubility and Electrolytes
Factors that affect solubility include the composition of the solute and solvent, temperature, and pressure. Electrolytes can be strong, such as strong acids and strong bases, or weak, such as weak acids and weak bases. Non-electrolytes are molecular compounds and do not dissociate into ions.
Examples and Types of Aqueous Solutions
Examples of aqueous solutions in chemistry include NaCl dissolved in water, and the different types of questions that can be asked in tests about them, such as mass percentage and stoichiometry. The volume of a solution can be calculated using the equation M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ and the molarity of gases at STP can be determined using 1mol = 22.4ml. The steps for preparing a volumetric flask include measuring the solute, adding a solvent, swirling gently, and adjusting the volume.
In conclusion, aqueous solutions play a significant role in chemistry, and understanding their properties and behavior is essential for various applications in chemical processes and experiments.
For more information and detailed notes on aqueous solutions, solubility, and electrolytes in chemistry, you can refer to Chemistry Honors Solutions Quizlet, Chemistry Honors Solutions PDF, or Aqueous Solutions in Chemistry Notes.
