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boud. ex] HCl means Cannot, draw 4 electronsent mosta SO DO NOT !! 8/16 H. CI: → H-CI: 1 2.2 polare cogalent band will not always be polar molecule, But also nonpolar molecule (symmetry & Co 3.21.0 the absence of lone pair HCN, ex) HCI HO, NH3, CO2, CHu CH,CI I. Lewis Dot Diagram -dots represents valence electrons. + lonia There are a maximum of 8 electrons on its valence PEL for each element - Metals - elements on the left side of the periodic table; want to [lose] baselections to achieve stable octet since its easier to lose 1 or 2 or 3 electrons than to gain 5 or 6 or 7 (stair case) Nonmetals - elements on the right side of the periodic table; want to [gain] electrons to achieve stable octet coordoals purposes and surviel van sluations to the vo vandhradie erucustal in glo Table qualifiz I. Electronegativity - the attraction an atom has toward electrons (0.7-4.0) →Metals - want to lose electrons, so have Lower EN (close to 0.1) →Nohmetals - want to gain electrons, so has Higher EN (close to 4.0) Noble gases already exhibit stable octet, no need to attract electrons, therefore, no volue of electronegativity for noble gases & wandhi H planvet lasinela III Properties of Metals and Nohmetals. • Metals: brod trialove - low EN and Low IE Jared holowed. all solids at STP except Hg. malleable can be flattened → ductile : Can be stretched out into a wire 2017 KHINH KHẢO MỘT •Noumetal's tuomes- E.D. O →high EN and High IE brittle shatters when broken Sold, liquid, gas (group 17. halogens - all phases) →Poor conductor of heat and electricity. •Metalloid's (semimetals): → have both metallic and nonmetallic characteristics Covalent lonic 0.3 0. 0.4 noupotav (equally) →luster: shiny LT H transitional metals: colorful metals potav (unequally) dull in color I. General Bule for Drawing Covalent Dot gay stub-cangan tell an + 1) Count the total number of valence electrons H and F are always terminal atoms * 21 Determine the central atom (lowest EN or least # of valence e) ^.. 3) Draw the skeletal structure of a molecule by arranging the atoms around the central atoms [4) Place the dots that correspond to the # of Valence electrons around the atom and determine how many electrons are needed alde events of crnabala * The shape of a molecule] will help us determine whether or not a molecule has (0.- Summetry identify the polarity of a molecule - polar (asymmetry) or.. noupolar (symmetry) * d. zraituala seal of trrow - elots! + seola) 113 vadoill 2011 utwit opscortsale ripul avod - CINER COMO _[exom ɛx] townito of been on totoo aldate fil des phrsule - @scop eldon -Hydrogen + Hydrogenang aldar Toyhusto pewartagle to sudov in groterant Chemical formula H• H; →H:HH-H→ H₂ aste hun detall Palasifraga #•He •C• H₂ H x H x H x "Covalent bond pride : votam + -Corbon + Hydrogendom lonal and S *C; Xo 37 wa bee 13 wat •Covalent bond DH H + H-C-H H pantfalt ad nos : Simlouola CHy now is laun chemical formula and rede evalloda w Hind (carely the pren laut + F1 query) sup kapil ylivättasle kan dood so vedaulines vie?" aterationens slutsINNAN bin Wilton NiCd wood to sinal Aint: How do we determine (polovity of covalent bond+polary was sold a fourtie emote 2 mother eslinglund I. Coualent Bonding (continue) Polarity of Bond is determined based on the type of Sharing nonpolar; unequal share - polar) Polarity of Molecule is determined based on the type of share and the arrangement of atoms. H I Shapes of Molecules (5 basic shapes) Linear (180 angle) 180° (ED) Electronegativity Difference →Nonpolar molecules - molecules with nonpolar covalent bonds, molecules with polar covalent bonds showing Symmetry Polar molecules -molecules with polar covalent bonds showing asymmetry en ny W * Arrangement of atoms shows the shapes of molecules that determine symmetry: Mirror images along the x and y axis von: glossied to wzivales Tragonal planav 120 •Bent (109 or 120 angle) ED + Shape + of molecule? → 78 106.7° →molecules contain 2 atoms ex) HCl, H₂, N₂ molecules contain 3 atoms (equal share- and velo! molecules with 3 atoms with a Trigonal • Pyramid (109 angle) 12/23/21 without a lone pairs of electrons. : ex) CO₂-p HON blog sluusiam to presto lone pair of electrons ex) H₂O, SO₂, H₂S 1 2005 01 (120 angle) dal → molecules with 4 atoms without a lone pair of electrons ex BF3 → molecules contain 4 atoms with a lone pair of electrons NH3, PC 3 friidepor call your I Moslem to •Tetrahedral (109 angle) band trakuna ta planeten sow 109.5° O wat and no local Unicredit or li central atom is the atom with the least # of valence elections never be an H atom oth ou beend hanuwede (Ex) Cl₂ chaud farlours is why → Molecules contoin 5 atoms without a lone pair of electron ex) CH4, CH ₂ C1, CCly to jdeteleft and cam Ex) H₂O CI+CI::CI:C1: :CI-C1-Jul Nem polarity of Bond: nonpolate covalent bond worde was man H- 109,50014 Ja H lone pairs of e = causing reputation H:N:H Polarity of Molecule: nonpolar molecule (no partical charged om varan Ⓒ what you are Ex) CO₂ 10 (45 ThH (as amada miltondankstom 0 what you have Pushing the bond away intros polavity of Bond: Polar covalent bond Polavity of Molecule: Polar molecule (particle charged ·C· + 2 ·Ö: →Ö = C = 6: | C+2.00 0: as losslow! astussions and within coate & cliw eslusalom.*- 0.8 0.8 2.4 2.6 2.4 Cancle out the forces A bond paik lone pair (alono 981) wearned* 2 mol polarity of Bond: Polar Kovalent bonditiv zlatem 180° there is no lone pair therefore they can be Straight Ex) CHy 30 Hamel polavity of Bond: polar covalent bond H:C:H Polarity of Molecule: nonpolar molecule H vo FU!) trish- Polarity of Molecule: nonpolar molecule (summetry) a cause the absence of lone paw (elpurn por) bumbani 39°