Alternative transcript:

Elizabeth's settlement. Disloyal clergy would be punished. The Act of Uniformity established the appearance of churches and how services should be held. It required everyone to attend church. Royal Injunctions Bible was written in English in every Church Decorations were allowed Clergy to wear vestments (surplice) Elizabeth's religious settlement, since she was Protestant: - She forbade the Catholic idea of transubstantiation- bread and the wine used in mass, transform or turn into the body and blood of Christ - she was not a religious radical and she liked certain elements of Catholicism- church decorations and church music Aims of her religious settlement: - She had Political aims and wanted to heal the divisions between Catholics and Protestants - Protestantism was strong in the southeast of England, Catholicism strong in the North and West Country - Maximise her personal power and wealth by control of the Church In 1559 she signed the Act of Supremacy: - It re-established the break with Rome and an independent Church of England - She went with the title of Supreme Governor rather than Supreme Head- pacify Catholics who saw the Pope as head -All members of the clergy swore an oath of loyalty to her. 8000 out of 10,000 priests took the Oath of Supremacy accepting the Religious Settlement. However, only 1 Catholic bishop out of 28 took the oath so they had to be replaced. She also signed The Royal injunctions: Set of instructions on how to carry out the Act of Supremacy & Uniformity All Clergy had to teach that the monarch was the head of the Church All those failing to attend the new church were reported to the Privy Council No one was allowed to preach without a license • Royal injunctions made churches have a bible in English, pilgrimages to fake monuments were banned and ensured priests wore special vestments Puritans were angry at the settlement as it had catholic parts to it. ● Enforcing the Religious Settlement Protestant bishops visited churches ensuring Settlement was followed • First visits resulted in 400 clergies being fired as not the following Settlement Some of those doing the inspection destroyed the Catholic decorations and ● statues that were actually allowed under the settlement • Elizabeth was clear she did not want people's beliefs being investigated too closely however as she didn't want to cause the Catholics to get angry • The visits check the preaching licenses of the clergy but also professionals Nonetheless, in 1563 she signed the Thirty-Nine Articles: - Church created was Protestant - The New Book of Common Prayer- Catholic mass was abandoned; the Bible was in English; services were held in English, and the clergy were allowed to marry. - Attempts to pacify Catholics as the law stated that ornaments such as crosses and candles could be placed on the communion table. - Priest also had to wear traditional Catholic vestments rather than plain black ones worn by Protestants. -All members of the clergy had to swear acceptance of the bishops, the Prayer Book and the 39 Articles The Catholic reaction was not positive: - - Catholics were unwilling to accept Elizabeth as Head of the Church, so she ruled that the Catholics who held public office had their positions taken away. - Attendance at the Anglican Church was compulsory, failure to attend resulted in a fine of a shilling a week - School for training English Catholics as missionaries were founded in the Netherland in 1568. One year later, Catholic nobles led a rebellion in the North, with the aim of disposing of Elizabeth. - 1570 Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, which meant that English Catholics no longer had to be loyal to the Queen and were to disobey her laws or be excommunicated themselves. Neither the Protestants were completely happy: The existence of bishops and vestments worn by the clergy angered Puritans - 300 ministers were suspended as they did not want to swear allegiance to all 39 - The Crucifix controversy - The crucifix is the symbol of the cross that Jesus died on - Puritans did not like the cross as it was an unneeded object. Catholics would not want them removed - Elizabeth gave into the Puritans as the Puritan bishops threatened to resign and she couldn't replace them. - Vestment controversy - Puritans believed priests shouldn't wear fancy robes. (vestments) - Catholics believed priests should wear special robes - Elizabeth didn't back down - Book of Advertisements set out what priests wear - An exhibition was held in London to demonstrate what priests must wear 37 refused to attend and lost their jobs Since she couldn't obtain the balance she wanted, in 1571 she signed the Treason Act: -Denying Elizabeth's supremacy and bringing the Pope's bull of ex-communication into England could both be punished by death. - Anyone who left the country for more chan 6 months had their land confiscated. In 1572, queen Elizabeth ordered that some Puritan printing presses were destroyed after 2 pamphlets criticising the structure and beliefs of the Church were published n 1576, The queen stated that MPs were not allowed to discuss religious matters without her permission, which led to the mprisonment of Peter Wentworth, who challenged this. In 1581 she had to face the Jesuits: - This was a religious group dedicated to serving the Pope - They were sent to England as educators - They aimed to gain influence over the rich by turning them against the Queen - Once in England they helped to smuggle Other priests into the country To deal with this problem, Elizabeth passed a law which raised the fine for recusancy (refusing to attend Church) to £20 and any attempts to convert people to the Catholic faith was a Creasonable offence. In 1585, she signed The Act Against Jesuits and Seminary Priests: - Made becoming a priest treason - All priests were ordered to leave England within 40 days on pain of death Pursuivants: - These were officials who raided the 'safe houses' hiding Catholic priests - Searches could last up to a week and they ripped apart houses -Jesuit Edmund Campion was caught within a year of his arrival In 1593 Catholics' were only allowed no further than 5 miles from their homes and she signed the Act Against Seditious Sectaries, which was created to Execute anybody suspected of being a Separatist There were different Reactions to the Religious Settlement. The Protestants: • Disliked that Churches were still decorated • Disliked the clergy wearing vestments • Disliked that the settlement was vague in relation to Holy Communion • Changes were not satisfactory according to them. The Catholics • Disliked the fact that England was a Protestant country • Disliked the fact that the monarch and not the Pope was the Head of the Church Did not want to use a Protestant Prayer book, especially since the Clergy had to swear an oath that they would use it! ● • Disliked that the Bible was in English and not Latin • Disliked the clergy being allowed to marry • That the clergy had to take an oath recognising Elizabeth as Supreme Governor of the Church of England Changes were too much according to them. ● The Puritans Disliked that Churches were still decorated • Disliked the clergy wearing vestments • Disliked singing still allowed • Disliked that the settlement was vague in relation to Holy Communion • Changes did not go far enough according to them ● Nonetheless: Most clergies took the oath of loyalty . Fines for Recusancy were not strictly enforced. ● Recusancy/Recusants Anyone who refused to go to the new Church had to pay a fine of 1 shilling. Poor struggled to pay. By 1568 most people accepted the new Church No serious rebellions . ● This policy was successful the measure in which: - It avoided a civil war caused by religious differences - It appeased the majority of Catholics, Protestants and Puritans - The Church of England (Anglican Church) has remained the main - Only 3% of Priests refused to swear the oath of loyalty to the queen. - The majority of people accepted the Religious Settlement (The Middle Way) even though it favoured the Protestants. - Before 1568 there were no serious threats to the settlement/ Elizabeth; this changed when Mary Queen of Scots returned to England. It also showed some limitations: - Extreme Catholics and Puritans continued to challenge the religious settlement e.g The Vestments Controversy - There were several Catholic plots to overthrow Elizabeth e.g - Northern Earl, Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington - The Religious Settlements seemed to favour the Protestants. - Fines for Recusancy weren't strictly enforced - Elizabeth was excommunicated by the Pope - Elizabeth persecuted Catholics 162 were executed between 1577 - 1603 In conclusion, The 'middle way' failed. Elizabeth became more anti-Catholic as her reign went on. 162 Catholics were executed between 1577 and 1603. Some extreme Protestants were unhappy with any form of compromise. Elizabeth wanted her people to worship on her terms so that she was ultimately in control. There were no wars of religion in England during her reign but not everyone liked her 'middle way'.