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time. •Stealing • Slander • Repeat offenders. Poaching Murder Rebellion . • Killing a Norman, Poaching Cutting down trees. Having a bow and arrow. A i4 LuautittLLLLLİLGILIKICHIDHNI Di a UUUU DA 4 crime and punishment Punishments in Norman time: •Fines payable to King. • Stocks / Pillory -Public beatings of Hogging •Fines up to execution. • Murdrum crimes •Tongue cut out Beating • Maiming • Hanging. Exaction Execution. G Law Enforcement in Norman time: • Local colective responsible for preventing crime and apprehending suspects continued under the Normans. Every male ay over 12 belonged to a tithing, it one person of the tithing was accused of a crime, the rest were expected to find that person and report them to the authorities. The nue and cry was also still in use in the Norma- in perioa. Trails in the Norman time: in the Norman times they made a new tral- Trial by Compat. This was sometimes used to settle disputes over large sums of money or land. They would fight using swords or large Sticks. The two combatants fought to death. or until one gave in. William also continued wit th the idea of Trial by Ordeal for ordinary cri- mes. G Ji crimeandpunishment Medieval times: Statutes of Laborvers-1343: Made it a crime. to ask for more money/higher wages, set a minimum wage for workers. Heresy - 1382, 1401, 1414: A small number of pe- ople were beginning to question the Christian church. They wanted the church to be reform: ea. People who spoke out against the church were ye now accused of heresy. The punishment was execution. G Trial by jury becomes more common. Travelling judges. 9 centralised common law. Justices of the Peace. Knights to keep the Ki- ngs peace in only unruly areas, 'Good and lauful men: Edward III extended the system to the whole Kingdom in 1327. Rather than being appointed by king now. by local community. D! DE G G5 10 TLD DO Di G L crime and punishment. Key topic two! Beligous change Great religous upheaval in (Europe. Martin luther prote- 2sted against Church follo? Loss of Jobs reed in cloth 1500 1700 Many people wo Changes indust Stry, when cloth/ trade went into Slump. During war of roses many men lost jobs Populations / towns. Que to global trade tows and oppurtunities wers are protestants. Onz grew. 90% population isoon existed with england/ (lived in countryside. and royal family cruitial Alto leaders subjects follow. Population increase Population england and wales increased 16th century. The price of essential goods. Sand food rose as population grew Enclosure Farmers and merchants enclose. Rich land for sheep farming cost of renti- ng land went up rapidly. Reformation - A new church is set up to rival the catholic church. Catholic - Dies cathaic crea- Henry Vill-1509-47-> ted protestant church. Edward vi-1547-53 -> Protestant. Mary 11 - 1553-58 -> Catholic Elizabeth 1 - 1558-1603 -> Protestant. James 1 - 1603 - 25 -> Protestant. D! Di L crime and punishment. Heretics punishments -> •Tortured in rack at tower of london, Jorced. to give names of catholic / protestant oesociates. * Often burned at the stake. Tied to a woo. den post and fire was set and lit beneath th: - You could recant, publicy change your beliefs. Carry a stick to show you wouldve been burned and sticke is bunt in your place. They were intimidated and scared. Elizabeth was facing revars from catholics in her country. The pope was calling her illigimate. Also James I had the catholic gunpowder Plot against him in 1605. Henry vill - changes to religion: haverokson noonastanes. • After arguments with the catholic church. about getting a divorce he declared himself nead of a new church of england. Edward VI-changes to religion. • shut down monasteries. • Made protestant changes - introduced a pra: yer book in English, allowed priests to and mope inside of church plainer. marry 7! JUD 7 D D D 00 CICICICICICICICICIOOOOOOOO 0 0 0 0 D D D D DD L 5. crime and punishment Mary - changes to religion: • Turned the country book to Catholic religion, made pope head of church again. Elizabeth 1 - Changes to religion • Tried to find a midale way where every- was comfortable. She passed a religious settlement Henry VIII - Religious crimes • Catholics could be executed for treason as they would not table the Oath of Supremocy acknowlodging him as head of the church. Edward Vi - Religious crimes: • Two people executed for heresy, Catholic bishops imprisoned in Tower of London. Mary I- Religious crimes. • 283 people executed in just 4 years for failing to return to the Catholic religion. Elizabeth 1 - Religious crimes: • Act of uniformity meant everyone hod to go to church or pay a fine. James 1 - Religious crimes: • After the gunpowder Plot he introduces the 1605 Popish Recusants act forced catholics to swear oath to the king and pay heavy fines. ic Di crime and punishment. Key Topic three... The industrial revolution - 1750-1850 • Growth in towns and cities. - Growth in industry. continued rise in population. • Growth of empire - Government changes -growth and protest. Crime Stealing food Petty theft Children pick. pocketing Law enforcement Royal Judges Policemen Jury. Witchcraft: Punishment Fines for shealing food. • Convicts transported. to australia • Prisons were introduced, No more executions Trials • Trials at the royal • Trials 4 times a year Rise Individuals: Matthew Hopping. Attitudes. to women, Religion, Civil war, Kings & Queens. Fell - Individuals: Matthew Hopeins died, High- er level of proat needed in court, science Society founded. royal D! 5555 CICICICIOCCOICI ▬▬▬▬▬OOL o e a a I ● Di Smuggling Rise- Attitudes to smuggiers, Social crime accepted, cheaper goods appealed, Strengen. of gangs, Lack of custom officials. Fell - More organised police forces 1800's, government reduced tarrifs, wider availability of goods. Highway Robbery: Rise - Travel, Poverty + wealth, Poor law enjor- cement, gun and stage coaches, Attitudes to offenders. Fell - Guns and banks, Better law enforce. ment, people on mounted horses. Bloody code: • A period of time between 1688 and 1800's. "Number of crimes punishable by death incr lease dramatically like the Black act 1723. ∙By 1815 there. were more than 200 crimes you could be executed for. • Crimes ranged from murder to stealing bread Transportation: •Began in 1614. -Men, women and sometimes oniidren were ra- pen to work on 'penal colonies. I L Di •Also mainly due to lock of prison system. Convicts could be used to help build america brinish empire. into Timeline of prisons development: 1816-Millbank prison built in london. 1823- Robert pael's Gaas act passed. 1824- Prison discipline act- JP's order to inspect prisons. > 1835- Government inspectors appointed to check prisons. 1839- Prisons act advocates spperare syst- ems in prisons 1842- Dentonville prison built on the site of old. millionare prison. 1865- Prisons act emphasizes retribution and detterent purpose of prisons. 1866- Howard association is created to camp. aign prison conditions. 1877- All prisons brought under control of National prison commision. 1898- Prison oct emphasises renabilitation and reform of prisoners. Robert peel • Robert peel became Home secretary in 1822, this meant he was responsible for low and order in prisons. He later went on to become prime minister. D! COOO (===== ● D !G • He was responsible for development in three main areas: • Reduction in use of death penalty. Reform af prisons. • Introduction of reform and paice force. Denals code reforms 1822-27: ·1822 - Last nanging for shoplisting 1823- Goals act • 1825 - capital crimes reduced by 100 • 1827 - Black act repealed 1829- Metropolatin police act: • The first proffesional and police force was established in London. 1835 - Municipal corporation act • A new law said towns were allowed to set up their own police forces. 1839- Rural constabulary act: • A new law allowed countries to set up their own police forces. Bow street runners and other forces in london merged with the metropolatin police. 1842 - Scotland yard -The metropolatin police set up the first detective force to gather evidence, Investigate and solve crimes after they had been committed. iL L Di crimeandpunishment Key topic jour. How things changed 1900 to today: Punishments. Fines Deporting community service. orders Low eny cement! Police officers. Judges Neighbourhood watches. Greater technology Jury. Crimes Terrorist arracks Arson Hacking Stealing banke de- Murder варе Theft tails Hate crimes. Drug gyences. Crimes before 1900 but has changed since: •Drugs • Terrorism Smuggling Drunk. Trais coses judged in a magistrate court crown court. An old crime that continued: - Protesting. Trespassing New crimes not possible before 1900 • Drug dealing. Piracy iC 12 12 12 AD HOL ▬▬▬IOCOCCIGE BILIBIDIS 3 3 3 3 Di 4 · Goverment Hate crime - copyright • Drink driving Conscientous 3 Objectors These are people who didn't go to war - que to moral reasons. People who refused the Military service act in 1916, • The government made it a crime because peo- ple were dying and they needed more Boulders People objected to fighting for three reasons: Politic - some objected war for political reasons. Pasifists were against wars because of moral reasons. Religion: Some religous groups like quakers app- ossed war. Different types of conscientous objectors: Alternativist- someone who wouldn't fight but would take part in other war work Abgautist - someone who refused to take part. in anything to do with the war. CID: Deal with investigations into serious crimes. Brown as detectives. Fireams branch: Specialist guicers trained in using firearms. 5 SOCA: created to prevent and detect crimes. carries out undercover work, surveillance, wi- tness protection Drugs squad: Drug squads who tackle drug. gyences in their own areas. Economic Crime unit! Part of serious troud office Investigates large scale fraud. E-crime: Tackies most serious incidents a cyber crime, also has advice on internet security. Special branch. Deals with Ferrorism and threat to national security. Traffic department: Dzals with road related inc. idents like road incidents, motorway pile up. Royal and diplomatic branch: Protects members. of the royal family. Also protects rayal emb. assies and diplomats. Dog handlers: using dogs senses of smell to assist with detection and prevention of crime. key Individual cases Timothy evans - Hanged for murdering baby and wife. His wife was killed by his Hatmate serial killer. 7! " ▬▬▬▬▬ SA Derelz Bently - Hung for murdering a police officer, burgullary gone wrong. Friend under 18. Derek said 'let em have it. Ruth Ellis Hanged for murder of abusive hus: band she suffered a miscarriage because he m Koledad abused her. Factor 4: Influence on other countries One of the lost euro- Pean countries to abolish it. al caseS No way to get right wh: at is wrong people be ing falsely convicted. why was the can't take back murd- Death Penalty ering innocent people... abolished ? Factor five Key individuals. Mainly passed down. because of home secretary roy Jenkins. Factor one: Controversi Factor 6: wwll Turned people in Brition against what they thought. was inhumane Practices. The numan nights desleration highlighted the right to life Factor two changing attitudes Became more underst- anding to why people committed crimes Factor 3 Government. action Sydney Silverman was. responsible for first atte- mpts to abolish death. penalty in Houses of Parliament. House of 10 ras blocked changes 14 Ji 4 L crimeand punishment whitechapel. Immigration and Tensions with whitechapel: G Immigration -> •There was a greater mix of immigrants which led to tensions between the locals, Irish, Eastern europeans and the Jewish. • Overcrowded areas of whitechapel brought immigrants very close to eachother and they found it difficult to mik. - A parlimentary commitee was even set up to investigate the rising tension between the eastern uro and the english- Irish-> There were greater numbers of irish since the 1840's • The Irish men had jobs such as buildings, canais, roods and railways, dock yard workers. Irish Fenians -> The Fenians were an Irish catholic group who were seen as terrorists in London. They wanted ireland to have freedom from the UK. and they organised bomb attacks on London landma- nes known as Dynamite saturday! Jewish-> • Many Jews moved to the East End due to violence against them in Eastern europe and Russia. Around. 30,000 moved between 1881 and 1991. O! ICULICIC L •Jews segregated themselves into particular areas of whitechapel and did not mix with locals. Socialists and Anarchists -> •Revelution attempts to bring down the government by "Anarchists in Europe failed but made people in England were fearful that anarchists in Lordon might do the same. •Socialists wanted more equality for the working classes with better pay. Whitechapel in the 1880's The location: •It's a district in the east-end of London. It's population was around 30,000 with around 1,000 homeless. Pave: rty, rension between different immigrant groups and nigh numbers of gangs mode whitechapel a vident area. The workhouses: • For those with nowhere to live and living in absolute poverty, the one last place was the workhouse. • They offered food and shelter for the promise of hard work.. Those that weren't able to work such as the old, sick, ar- sabied, orphars were called inmates. 1 •The work was deliberately difficult to put people of ever having to work there. Housing /Accomodation: •ROOperRs: Most nouses were in overcrowded 'slum' areas known as rooperies which include, dirt, disease. G Ji and crime. Houses were split into several apartme. nts with up to 30 people sharing beds. The peabody estate: -improved nousing was created. In 1875 the govern- ment created a new low called the artisan's dwelling. act. This law, cleared away some of the slums areas and replaced it with 11 new blocks of flats. • They were paid for by George Reabody who was a wealthy American who had moved to London ang wanted to improve the conditions of the poor. The peabody estate opened in 1881 and provided 286 Hate for a reasonable rent of 3 shillings per week. Policing in whitechapel: Local attitudes towards the police. •The metropolatin police were created in 1829 and in most parts of London, they gained respect and were known as the local bobbyi • However, in poorer areas of London such as whitechapel, the police were still seen as atom of government who were just trying to control and watch over them, rather than help with their pr oblems- Prostitution. •Many crimes in whitechapel were linked to poverty. and unemployment. It was harder for women to find. work and many become prostitutes to survive. • Women would work on the streets or in broth- 7! 4355 CIOCICICIC ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ji els. Either of those would leave the women vulnera ble to altode as they were alre, often at night. Techniques used by the Police: 7 Observation •Paice were trained to leave the soene untouched, ins tead they abserved and noted down what they saw. "The police also rodz photos and made spetches of the scenes This helped them to restect on what the ey had seen. intermation from journalists: • Locals would be happier talking to the journalists. rather than the police and so they often collected a lot of information. •However, journalists were too quick to jump to th eir own conclusions or not share information wi in the paice. Jack the ripper murders: The main victims: 1. Mary Ann Nichols / found in Bucks Roaw. 31st August) 2. Annie Crapmani found in Hanbury Street - 8th September 3. Elizabeth Stride (found Berners street 30m September). 4. Catherin Eadlows yound Mitre square - 30th September) 5. Mary Jane Kelly (round Dorset street. 9th November) inspector Fredrick Abbenline and his CIP team in charge of the case. They supervised H. Divison. iC Di The Modus operandi (method of • All victims were jemale - All victims were prostitutes • All victims were targeted at night • All victims likely drunk. *All Victims Rilled using a sharp blade of a knife -All victims left at crime scene. - Most victims mutilated. killing): 7! M