The First Industrial Revolution inventions marked a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s. It began in England with the invention of the steam engine and diffused out from the hearth. The Industrial Revolution caused an increase in food production due to new technological advances in farming, leading to a migration of people from rural areas to the cities. This period also resulted in an increased wage gap between the poor and the wealthy, and it fueled imperialism and colonialism due to the need for raw materials such as coal, lumber, and cotton.
The industrial revolution and its impact on industrialization Wikipedia explain that the economic sectors are classified into primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary sectors. The primary sector involves the extraction of raw materials, such as mining, fishing, lumber, and agriculture. The secondary sector covers the processing of natural materials into finished goods. The tertiary sector consists of offering services to consumers, while the quaternary sector involves research and administration associated with technological innovation. The quinary sector encompasses the highest levels of decision-making in a society or economy.
Weber's Least Cost Theory is essential to understanding the spatial patterns of industrial production and development, as it emphasizes minimizing transportation, labor, and agglomeration costs to maximize profits. The theory classifies industries into bulk-gaining and bulk-reducing to determine the most cost-effective location for manufacturing based on proximity to markets, labor, transportation, and resources.
Factors influencing the location of manufacturing industries in geography include land, capital, labor, and the break-of-bulk-point. Each factor plays a crucial role in determining the optimal location for industrial plants, with cheap land, access to transportation routes, and availability of funds being primary considerations.
Social and economic measures of development encompass Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, and the Human Development Index (HDI). These measures provide insight into a country's level of development, income distribution, sectoral structure of the economy, literacy rates, fertility rates, access to health care, and use of fossil fuels and renewable energy.
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a pivotal measure of gender inequality, taking into account reproductive health, empowerment indices, and labor-market participation. The GII provides a comprehensive view of gender disparities within each country.
In summary, measuring development and understanding spatial development patterns and processes are critical to identifying the factors influencing the location of industries and the impact of the industrial revolution on society and industrialization. These factors play a significant role in shaping the economic and social landscape of different regions, ultimately shaping the trajectory of global development.
