Alternating current (AC) is a current that changes its direction multiple times within a second. It is also known as sinusoidal voltage, and its graphical form is a sine wave. The mathematical expression for alternating current or sinusoidal voltage is E = Em Sin d or E = E Sin est, where Em is the peak value of AC voltage.
Examples of Alternating Current Circuits
Examples of AC sources are AC generators, which produce the sinusoidal voltage. The AC voltage is expressed as VR = Vb - V₁₂ = LR (Ohm's law) when applied across a resistive element R.
Types of AC Circuit
There are different types of AC circuits, such as resistive elements, inductive elements, and capacitive elements. When AC passes through a resistive element, the current is in phase with the applied voltage. When passed through an inductive element, the current lags behind the voltage, and when passed through a capacitive element, the current leads the voltage by π/2.
Formulas for Alternating Current Circuits
The formulas for AC circuits include the phase constant or phase angle represented by a phasor vector and the angular frequency "ws." The phasor vector, which represents the instantaneous value of AC voltage and current, has a length proportional to the maximum value of current or voltage.
Examples of Alternating Current Circuits in Real Life
Real-life examples of AC circuits include the single loop RLC series circuit, where an alternating emf is applied to a circuit consisting of a resistor, inductance, and capacitor. The behavior of each circuit element in AC is represented by mathematical equations.
What is Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is a unidirectional flow of electric charge. It is commonly produced by batteries and solar cells and is used in various electronic devices. DC does not change its direction and remains constant over time.
