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conditions of worth: Rogers said that in order for an individual to gain personal growth, the concept of their own self (the way they see themselves) must have congruence with their 'ideal self (the person they want to be) if there is a big gap between the two the person will experience 'incongruence' and self actualisation will not be possible, due to the negative feelings of self-worth that arise from incongruence - - in order to reduce this gap, rogers developed client-centred therapy Client centred therapy Focuses in on the present, not the past The therapy helps to cope with the problems of everyday living Clients should be provided with genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard It is modern psychotherapy Has transformed counselling techniques in the UK and US Clients are encouraged towards the discovery of their own solutions in a therapeutic atmosphere Suggests that most of the problems we experience ( like low self-esteem and worthlessness) are due to childhood and can be explained by lack of unconditional positive regard from parents Aims are to: Not only in clinical settings, but also education, health, and industry In a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental environment A parent who sets conditions of worth is storing up psychological problems for that child in the future Increase self-esteem Reduce incongruence Help the client to become fully functioning SAT 22 OCT 2022 Evaluation: + not reductionist humanistic psychologists advocate holism subjective experience can only be understood by considering the whole person ● this approach may have more validity than other reductionist approaches - it considers meaningful human behaviour within its real life context ● + positive approach • this approach has been praised for 'bringing the person back into psychology' - cultural bias concepts associated with this approach (individual freedom, autonomy, and personal growth) are more associated with individualist cultures in a western world • collectivist cultures, such as India, which emphasise the needs of the group and community, may not identify with the concepts of the humanistic approach •this approach is a product of the cultural concept in which it was developed -untestable concepts The approach has vague ideas that are abstract and difficult to test •Rogers tried to improve the scientific rigour of his work by introducing the Q-sort, which was an objective measure of progress in therapy there is a lack of empirical evidence to support the concepts of the approach ● -limited application as an approach, it has relatively little real world application • little impact within the discipline of Psychology •this could be because humanistic psychology lacks a sound evidence base and also because the approach has been described as a loose set of rather abstract concepts, rather than being comprehensive