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large groups and being able to make predictions about future behaviour to control it ● approaches - behaviourist (findings are applied to all and uses lab experiments), cognitive (cognitive neuroscience), biological (uses objective methods, GWAS), social learning theory (uses lab experiments) • key studies - Strange situation, Asch's line study, Milgram's obedience experiment, Adorno Hazan and Shaver idiographic approaches are more likely to give a complete account of behaviour because it uses qualitative methods to provide in depth and global descriptions of individual cases o Cannot generalise and make general laws without further research o means that we do not have complete theories for all human behaviour, only small cases Idiographic vs nomothetic approach 2 o Idiographic approaches can reveal important information about single cases to generate hypotheses about wider population behaviour and then nomothetic research can be conducted ▪ Example: Clive wearing as a case study - Tulving(1997) who did a brain scan to back up these findings on LTM o Nomothetic approaches have greater scientific credibility - makes studies more objective and replicable which increases validity o Nomothetic approaches look at big samples and generalisation which means we lose a person's experience Study ■ For example, we know that there is a 1% lifetime risk in the general population for developing schizophrenia - this doesn't tell us the subjective experience of what it is like to live with schizophrenia Koluchova - Twin boys were locked in a cupboard from 18m to 7y. After they were found they lived in a loving family and they recovered fully. This showed that there may not be a critical period for psychological damage and any damage can be overcome Using SSRIs to treat depression - these antidepressant drugs prevent the reabsorption and breakdown of serotonin so there is an increase in the level of serotonin at the synapse Idiographic vs nomothetic approach I or N? Idiographic Nomothetic Justification Because it is a case study and qualitative data is collected and the findings are used to draw the conclusion that there may not be a critical period which is applied to the greater population Uses lab experiments and brain scans to find this out 3 Study Gardner and Gardner - Attempted to teach a chimp to use sign language. Over 32 months detailed records were kept of the progress where 30 signs could be made in 2 way conversations. This showed that a chimpanzee does have the capability to use human language Eysenck's personality theory: personality can be broken down into two different dimensions: neuroticism-stability and introversion-extraversion. Everyone varies in the extent to which we are introvert or extravert or neurotic. These are measured by a personality questionnaire. Idiographic vs Nomothetic - evaluation Idiographic vs nomothetic approach I or N? Idiographic Nomothetic Justification collects qualitative data and only studies one chimp and findings are generalised Collects a range of data from different people 4