The democratic ideals that are the foundation of the American democracy include limited government outlined in Article 1 section 10, natural rights as declared in the Declaration of Independence, and popular sovereignty which states that the government exists because we consent to it through a social contract.
Models of Representative Democracy
There are various models of representative democracy that are visible in the major institutions of the United States. These include participatory democracy, pluralist democracy, and elite democracy. Participatory democracy emphasizes the active participation of citizens, similar to a direct democracy. This is evident in the large republic to prevent factions from becoming the majority as discussed in Federalist 10 by James Madison.
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
The Federalists and Anti-Federalists had differing views on the role and scope of the central government. The Federalists believed in the need for a strong central government that would have delegated powers to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists emphasized state sovereignty and were distrustful of such a strong central government, fearing it would lead to tyranny.
Ratification of the U.S Constitution
The ratification of the U.S Constitution and the constitutional compromises that led to it were crucial milestones in the establishment of American democracy. It involved the great compromise, representation in congress, and the 3/5 compromise. While the Articles of Confederation were the nation's first constitution, its weaknesses were highlighted by events such as Shay's Rebellion.
Principles of American Government
The principles of American government are based on the separation of powers, checks and balances, and the amendment process outlined in Article 5 of the Constitution. The U.S Constitution also includes checks and balances with each branch having powers to keep the other branches from abusing their powers.
Influence of French Philosopher Montesquieu
The influence of French philosopher Montesquieu is evident in the checks and balances system. He acknowledged that Congress is the most powerful branch of government and outlined the various powers and limitations of each branch to prevent abuse and maintain the balance of power.
The democratic ideals in the United States have been shaped by a rich history of debates, compromises, and philosophical influences, all of which have contributed to the development of a robust and dynamic democracy.
In conclusion, the American democracy has been shaped by democratic ideals, models of representative democracy, and the constitutional compromises that have contributed to the democratic system that exists today in the United States. The democratic ideals of limited government, natural rights, and popular sovereignty, along with the models of representative democracy and the principles of American government, play a crucial role in shaping the democratic system of the United States.
