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than any other war in US history Civil War: more than 600,000 Americans died About 3,000 died in 9/11 terrorist attacks But the Civil War is not the biggest war in the History of the World... • So what are the biggest wars in human history? 120,000 Americans in WWI (10,000,000 died altogether) 400,000 Americans in WWII (50,000,000 died altogether) The North-Leaders of the Union Army Abraham Lincoln President of the Union George Meade Top General of the North for a while William T. Sherman Used "total war" on the South Ulysses S. Grant The North's top General at the End of the War The South-Leaders of the Confederate Army Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy Robert E. Lee The South's top General-the best of his day Thomas Jackson He was known as Stonewall Jackson J.E.B. Stuart Another of Lee's well known Generals Lincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus: • Habeas Corpus is the right to a fair trial in court (it says that the govt. can't hold you in jail without charging you with a specific crime) • Under normal circumstance the govt must go through the actions of "due process" if you are arrested (innocent until proven guilty) Sometimes our govt takes away our freedoms and liberties in the name of protection The Will of Richte 9 After 9/11, there was a lot of debate over how much freedom Americans are willing to give up, or sacrifice, for security & safety A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. E.D. N.Y. = 213 23 AMBULANCE MEDI "...the right of the PEOPLE to keep and bear Arms, shall NOT be infringed." CEOs for Libertyr (C) or... "I don't believe people should be able to own guns." J facebook.com/CEOxforLiberty New Weapons for the Civil War The Civil War was made worse by the invention of new weapons - The north made guns with interchangeable parts & (the minie ball) - Trains got supplies to many of the troops - Longer range artillery (and exploding shells) - Well constructed & supplied forts - Ironclad ships "metal, sub-like ships" Still, many battles were fought in open fields, soldiers had little protection, and many fights ended in hand-to-hand combat First submarines were used... Black Soldiers in the War In the beginning of the war, the north did not want to free the slaves or let African Americans fight After the Emancipation Proclamation blacks joined the Union Army (many were former slaves, and they wanted payback, they wanted slavery to end) . By the end of the war, as many as 200,000 Blacks had served in the Union army Lincoln said this helped turn the tide in the war The North's Plan: To cut off the South The North used a Naval Blockade to try & cut off the South (they also had to get control of the Mississippi River) Emancipation Proclamation: Freeing the Slaves At first, Pres. Lincoln's only goal of the war, was to preserve the Union at any cost To do this, Lincoln tried economic pressure, to bring the rebellious states back into the Union • • Then in 1863, he issued "The Emancipation Proclamation" which freed slaves in the rebellious states (not those in the border states)...why? • The Effects of the Proclamation: Lincoln also used blockades and seized control of the Mississippi River to cut off the South After the proclamation was issued there was a second goal for the North: Ending slavery - - This Proclamation also ended the South's hope of getting England's help in the war CIVIL WAR 1 be 2) Pacific Ocean Washington Territory Oregon California The First Battle of the Civil War Nevada Terr. Territory Slave state Utah Territory Union and Confederate boundary Free state Dakota Territory Nebraska Territory Colorado Territory New Mexico Territory BRITISH NORTH AMERICA MEXICO Kansas Minn. Texas Indian Territory Wis. lowa United States of America III. Ind. Mo. Mich. Ark. Ohio W.Va. (1863) Ky. Tenn. Ga Miss. Ala. Confederate States of America Gulf of Mexico Penn. S.C. Va. N.C. N.Y. Florida Vt. Maine N.H Conn. ›N.J. .Del. Md. Mass. R.I. Ocean Fort Sumter April 12-14, 1861 Important Early Battles: Seven Southern States Seceded to Start the Civil War Starting with South Carolina ● • The first shots of the war were at a federal fort called Fort Sumter, in South Carolina The Battle of Bull Run (Stonewall Jackson) the Confederate win...people watched-picnic • At The Battle of Shiloh Union victory with more than 24,000 died • At The Battle of Antietam more than 26,000 men died on both sides no one really won this battle (bloodiest day of the war) with no clear winner Battle of Antietam tran Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Battlefield Inventory National Distribution of 384 Battlefields When does the North start to take control? The South won many of the first battles Union victories in Gettysburg & Vicksburg are seen as the turning point of the war (in favor of the North) • A while after the battle, Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg Address (1863) and talks about the nation's need to heal from the war ● ● ● Gettysburg is not the final battle in the war but it was the single worst battle There are many other famous battles that were fought (over 380) BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR The Battle of Gettysburg: July 1863 • Lee made an offensive move onto Union soil, convinced he could win an important victory & hit DC • Union forces, led by General George Meade, suffered 23,000 casualties ● Confederate forces led by Robert E. Lee, suffered 28,000 casualties. • In the end, over 51,000 soldiers are lost in 3 days of fighting in Pennsylvania ● • After this battle the momentum of the war is in favor ● of the North Union Casualties at Gettysburg Civil War Dead... Following the battle, so many died that those burying the dead dipped handkerchiefs in peppermint and vanilla oil to keep from gagging on the smell Total War: Whatever it takes to win! ● • As the North starts to win, Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) • Summer 1864: Democrats nominated George McClellan for president and issued a peace platform. ● Lincoln knew that if the war did not end soon he would lose the next election. ● To end the war, Union General William Tecumseh Sherman inflicted total war on the South. Sherman's March to the Sea ● ● After realizing his defeat, Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 in Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Lee Surrenders to Grant - Confederate soldiers free to return home - Soldiers could take with them personal possessions including horses Lee's army was supplied with food. Five days later Lincoln was assassinated. - CIVIL WAR Guns from MERRIMAC mutilated in the engagement with the CONGRESS and CUMBERLAND, March 8, 1862 E GREAT FIGHT BETWEEN THE MERRIMAC & MONITOR, MARCH 9: 1862. THE FIRST BATTLE BETWEEN BOX CLAD SHIPS OF WAR Ironclads Civil War Artillery: Cannons ATA UL Hand Weapons & Ammunition LRA Civil War Weapons Breech-loading rifle Mortar mounted on a railroad flatcar Medical care was not good... Barns, houses, and other buildings were converted for medical use Medical equipment was seldom sterilized • Infections often turn to gangrene Amputation was used Poor sanitation Poor diets More than twice as many soldiers died of diseases & lack of medicine then in battle ● ● ● The South Surrenders Lincoln won 54% of the vote in the 1864 presidential election Although Jefferson Davis insisted that the Confederacy could continue on despite its losses, the Confederate Congress did not agree By 1865 the North's strategy of total war left much of the South in ruins April 1865: Union troops take Richmond and Abraham Lincoln visits the ruined Confederate capital CIVIL WAR 2