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Radical Republicans in Congress wanted strict policies against the south (but helped freedmen) Healing the wounds of the nation DAE M000 WARD Civil War and THE triction ● ● Johnson's Reconstruction Plan May 1865: a former Confederate state could rejoin the union once it had done these 5 things: - Written a new state constitution - Elected a new state government - Repealed its act of secession - Agree to pay Confederate war debts - Ratify the 13th Amendment (slaves emancipated) Republicans also wanted to grant black suffrage but Johnson insisted that "white men alone must manage the South." Johnson is impeached by Congress but escaped removal from office. ELEVATION AT THE Wars Ho DEPRESSION AT THE TICE OFFICE EFFECT OF THE VOTE ON THE ELEVENTH ARTICLE OF IMPEACHMENT 2001 HARPWEEK Southern Response to Reconstruction ■ New state constitutions were written ■ New state governments formed mostly by former Confederate leaders ■ Recovery plans were aimed at the white community ■ Black codes were passed which regulated civil and legal rights of freedmen. THE Radical Reconstruction In order to rejoin the union each state had to: ■ Adopt a new constitution that supported black suffrage ■ Elect a new government Ratify the 14th Amendment ■ Apply to Congress for readmission ■ Radical Republicans feared that the Civil Rights Act would be overturned so they pushed through the 14th Amendment Ulysses S. Grant As a result of the new registrations of voters, Republican U.S. Grant the Union war hero, won the election. On unequal ground... African Americans had to act inferior to whites. Never shook hands. Yielded sidewalk to whites. Said, "sir” or “ma'am." • A minor infraction (not removing one's hat) in the presence of a white might be overlooked or bring a mild warning. • If an offended white complained to the black person's boss, he could lose his job. • Serious violations could lead to property damage, violence or even death Income 55,000 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 Incomes of U.S. Women and Men 2003: This table represents median annual income levels of women and men working full-time jobs in the United States. Despite significant 20th-century gains in labor rights for women, median incomes for women are still well below those for men. On average, women have a median income that is just three-quarters that of men. Men Women (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) () () (k) (1) Job category (a) All occupations (b) Executives, administrators, and managers (c) Professionals and specialists (d) Technicians and related support personnel (e) Precision production, craft, and repair persons (f) Salespeople (g) Transportation workers (h) Administrative support, including clerical workers (i) Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors (i) Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers (k) Service workers (1) Farm, forest, and fishery workers Note: Data are for 2000, Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics and Census Bureau, Current Population Survey. Radical Republican's Response ● • Radical Republicans more concerned with punishment than pardons-did not like Johnson's "soft" Reconstruction plan Fearful that Confederate officeholders would regain power in the South. · Viewed "black codes" as a movement back to - slavery—“The rebellion has not ceased, it has only changed its weapons." ● • March 1867, Congress enacted its own plan of "hard" Reconstruction Divided the South into 5 military districts and put them under military rule -— ID "The First Vote" N.J. XVth AMENDMENT.-"Shoo Fly, don't Bodder wee!" 2001 HARPWEEK" The Freedmen's Bureau Freedmen: a name for male/female former slaves • Most freedmen remained on their plantations because they had no money ● • March 1865: Congress established the Freedmen's Bureau, an organization that attended to these needs. The Freedmen's Bureau was a dept of the govt ● • The bureau gave food, provided medical care, helped reconnect families, and opened schools • Freedmen were not allowed to assemble (couldn't hang out with friends), were kept on a strict curfew, & were not allowed to travel without permission Vox NOFFOR-BAME-OR-REWARD- FOR-PACE-OR-FOR-RANK- Junagas FALA MISSION Rewriting the History of the Civil War