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Trade • manufactured goods & weaponry → Africa • slaves → Americas • cash crops → Europe Rivalry for the Indian Ocean Trade 1504- Portuguese lost battle against Muslims and venetians → lost control over IOT • Moroccans travelled to Songhai and defeated them with weaponry o empire crumbled o Portuguese and Spain took over later Change and Continues in Trade Networks New Monopolies • monopolies granted specific people/ groups an exclusive right to trade o caused a lot of revenue o Spain had a few for tobacco Ongoing Regional Markets improved shipping helped regional merchants to increase their products Effects of the Atlantic Slave Trade . Africa o weakened kingdoms (Kongo) o violence o depended on Europeans goods o slow to develop economies → didn't produce their own goods o laid platform for Europeans conquest • Slave Raids AP World History: 4.5 Maritime Empires Develop Reading Notes 2 o Dahomey and Oyo became rich o exchange slaves for guns ■ took advantage of people with no firearms ■ superior weaponry-power ■slave raids got more common Gender • places like Ghana and Benin had a lot of people enslaved o 2/3 of the people taken were men o gender imbalance led to polygyn and women taking men's roles New Foods . Columbian exchange brought nutritious food Political: Colonial Administration Political and cultural changes for Indigenous People • Europeans empires erased social structures and cultural traditions • almost depopulated Culture ● → • Viceroys: representatives of the Spanish crown • audiencias: prevented them from establishing independent regimes • slow communication Spanish didn't care too much about what's going on in the New world population growth burnt native books o cant find much reliable info about the natives because they were written by the conquistadors → bias • Portuguese and Spanish implemented their language and religion into the Americas o Most of Latin America (Spanish) speak Portuguese Effects of Belief Systems new connections creation of synthetic beliefs Syncretic Belief Systems in the Americas • usually Christianity mixed with African religious traditions o Santeria (way of the saints): African origin, popular in Cuba o Vodum (spirit): originated from Africans of Dahomey, Kongo, Yoruba enslaved in Haiti AP World History: 4.5 Maritime Empires Develop Reading Notes o Candombe (dance to honor the gods): Yoruba, Fon, Bantu beliefs, developed in Brazil 3 Islam • 10% of the slaves imported practiced Islam first presence of Islam in Americas Religion in Latin America European missionaries in Latin America won a lot of converts o they were so successful → most Latins are Roman Catholics Global interactions and religious conflicts Sufism influenced Sikhism (Muslim and Hindu beliefs) • Split between Sunni, Shia o worsened relationships with ottomans and Safavid Quizlet Password: cravingboba AP World History: 4.5 Maritime Empires Develop Reading Notes 4