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colonized by the Netherlands, France and Great Britain, and became independent in 1968. Natal- The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was proclaimed a British colony on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia, and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa, as one of its provinces. Guyana- The history of Guyana begins about 35,000 years ago with the arrival of humans coming from Eurasia. These migrants became the Carib and Arawak tribes, who met Alonso de Ojeda's first expedition from Spain in 1499 at the Essequibo River. Guyana saw major slave rebellions in 1763 and again in 1823. Argentina- Argentina was originally settled by many different tribes of people. The first major empire arrived when the Inca Empire invaded in 1480. Some of present day Argentina became part of the Incan Empire and some resisted. In 1516, the Spanish arrived in the person of explorer and navigator Juan Diaz de Solias. Chinese Exclusion Act- Meant to curb the influx of Chinese immigrants to the United States, particularly California, The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 suspended Chinese immigration for ten years and declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for naturalization. President Chester A. Arthur signed it into law on May 6, 1882. Chinese Immigration Act/Regulation- The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. The act followed the Angell Treaty of 1880, a set of revisions to the US-China Burlingame Treaty of 1868 that allowed the US to suspend Chinese immigration. Restriction Act- The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. .002 percent of the nation's population, Congress passed the exclusion act to placate worker demands and assuage prevalent concerns about maintaining white "racial purity." Chinese Restriction Act- Meant to curb the influx of Chinese immigrants to the United States, particularly California, The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 suspended Chinese immigration for ten years and declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for naturalization. President Chester A. Arthur signed it into law on May 6, 1882. White Australia Policy- White Australia policy, formally Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, in Australian history, fundamental legislation of the new Commonwealth of Australia that effectively stopped all non-European immigration into the country and that contributed to the development of a racially insulated white society. Gold Rush- The California Gold Rush (1848-1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rush attracted thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia, and China. White Collar- The term "white-collar worker" was coined in the 1930s by Upton Sinclair, an American writer who referenced the word in connection to clerical, administrative and managerial functions during the 1930s. A white-collar worker is a salaried professional, typically referring to general office workers and management. Scots (Irish)- The recorded history Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall. ... Prior to Roman times, prehistoric Scotland entered the Neolithic Era about 4000 BC, the Bronze Age about 2000 BC, and the Iron Age around 700 BC. Popular Culture- Popular culture is those types of media that have mass accessibility and appeal. The term "popular culture" was coined in the mid-19th century, and it referred to the cultural traditions of the people, in contrast to the "official culture" of the state or governing classes. Ethnic Enclave- Immigrants often lived near or with people from the same region in their new countries thus forming ethnic enclaves. The many "Chinatowns" in cities around the world were prominent examples of this, as were Indian communities in Africa and neighborhoods in American cities with immigrants from the same regions. Natal Indian Congress- A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Kangani System- The Kangani system was a form of labour recruitment and organization in parts of Southeast Asia under British colonial rule, generally in operation from the early 19th century until the early 20th century, specifically the areas now known as Myanmar, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. Chinatown- In 1853 the neighborhood was given the name "Chinatown" by the press. The first Chinese hand laundry was started on the corner of Washington Dupont Streets in 1851. By 1870 some 2,000 Chinese laundries were in the trade growing to 7,500 in 1880. Merchants and peddlers provided fresh fruits, vegetables and flowers.