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Cellular respiration

Fun Overview of Cellular Respiration Stages with Diagrams

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Fun Overview of Cellular Respiration Stages with Diagrams
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kendall :)

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Cellular respiration is a vital metabolic process that converts organic molecules into usable energy (ATP) in cells. This process occurs primarily in mitochondria and consists of three main stages:

  • Glycolysis: Breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm
  • Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Generates electron carriers in the mitochondrial matrix
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation: Produces most ATP through the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Key points:

  • Involves both aerobic and anaerobic processes
  • Generates ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 as byproducts
  • Essential for cellular energy production and survival

6/15/2023

195

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

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Introduction to Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is a fundamental metabolic process that occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. This process enables cells to convert organic molecules into usable energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is crucial for various cellular functions.

Definition: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic molecules to produce ATP, the primary energy currency of cells.

The process of cellular respiration consists of three main stages:

  1. Glycolysis
  2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
  3. Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis)

Highlight: Understanding the stages of cellular respiration is essential for comprehending how organisms obtain and utilize energy at the cellular level.

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

View

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Anaerobic Respiration

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is the final stage of cellular respiration. This process involves two main components:

  1. Electron Transport Chain (ETC): NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle donate their high-energy electrons to the ETC. These electrons are passed through a series of protein complexes, creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

  2. Chemiosmosis: Protons flow back through ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Highlight: The electron transport chain steps are crucial for understanding how cells generate the majority of their ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration is the process of generating energy without oxygen. Two common types are:

  1. Alcoholic fermentation: Occurs in yeast and some bacteria, converting pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
  2. Lactic acid fermentation: Occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise, converting pyruvate into lactic acid.

Definition: Anaerobic respiration is a metabolic process that produces energy in the absence of oxygen.

Understanding the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is essential for comprehending how organisms adapt to various environmental conditions and energy demands.

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

View

Significance and Conclusion of Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is essential for the survival of organisms as it provides ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. It is also important for the recycling of NADH and FADH2, which are necessary for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to continue.

Quote: "Cellular respiration is a complex metabolic process that involves the breakdown of organic molecules to produce ATP."

The significance of cellular respiration extends beyond energy production:

  1. It allows organisms to utilize a variety of organic molecules as energy sources.
  2. It provides precursor molecules for biosynthesis of other important compounds.
  3. It helps maintain cellular redox balance.

Highlight: Understanding the cellular respiration diagram and its various components is crucial for grasping how organisms obtain and utilize energy at the molecular level.

In conclusion, cellular respiration is a fundamental process in biology that demonstrates the intricate ways in which cells convert food into usable energy. Its study is essential for understanding metabolism, bioenergetics, and the overall functioning of living organisms.

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

View

Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the initial step of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. During this process, glucose, a 6-carbon sugar, is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, a 3-carbon compound. This process generates a small amount of ATP and NADH, a high-energy electron carrier.

Vocabulary: Pyruvate - A 3-carbon compound produced as the end product of glycolysis.

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. In this stage, each pyruvate molecule from glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA and enters the citric acid cycle. The cycle generates NADH, FADH2, ATP, and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Example: The citric acid cycle is like a cellular "energy factory" that produces high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) used in the next stage of cellular respiration.

Both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are crucial steps in the cellular respiration equation, preparing the cell for the final stage where the majority of ATP is produced.

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

View

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Subjects

/

AP Biology

/

Cellular energetics

/

The processes of cellular respiration

/

Cellular respiration

Fun Overview of Cellular Respiration Stages with Diagrams

user profile picture

kendall :)

@kendall_moqo

·

135 Followers

Follow

Cellular respiration is a vital metabolic process that converts organic molecules into usable energy (ATP) in cells. This process occurs primarily in mitochondria and consists of three main stages:

  • Glycolysis: Breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm
  • Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Generates electron carriers in the mitochondrial matrix
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation: Produces most ATP through the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Key points:

  • Involves both aerobic and anaerobic processes
  • Generates ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 as byproducts
  • Essential for cellular energy production and survival

6/15/2023

195

 

10th/11th

 

AP Biology

10

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

Introduction to Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is a fundamental metabolic process that occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. This process enables cells to convert organic molecules into usable energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is crucial for various cellular functions.

Definition: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down organic molecules to produce ATP, the primary energy currency of cells.

The process of cellular respiration consists of three main stages:

  1. Glycolysis
  2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
  3. Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis)

Highlight: Understanding the stages of cellular respiration is essential for comprehending how organisms obtain and utilize energy at the cellular level.

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Anaerobic Respiration

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is the final stage of cellular respiration. This process involves two main components:

  1. Electron Transport Chain (ETC): NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle donate their high-energy electrons to the ETC. These electrons are passed through a series of protein complexes, creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

  2. Chemiosmosis: Protons flow back through ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Highlight: The electron transport chain steps are crucial for understanding how cells generate the majority of their ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration is the process of generating energy without oxygen. Two common types are:

  1. Alcoholic fermentation: Occurs in yeast and some bacteria, converting pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
  2. Lactic acid fermentation: Occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise, converting pyruvate into lactic acid.

Definition: Anaerobic respiration is a metabolic process that produces energy in the absence of oxygen.

Understanding the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is essential for comprehending how organisms adapt to various environmental conditions and energy demands.

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

Significance and Conclusion of Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is essential for the survival of organisms as it provides ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. It is also important for the recycling of NADH and FADH2, which are necessary for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to continue.

Quote: "Cellular respiration is a complex metabolic process that involves the breakdown of organic molecules to produce ATP."

The significance of cellular respiration extends beyond energy production:

  1. It allows organisms to utilize a variety of organic molecules as energy sources.
  2. It provides precursor molecules for biosynthesis of other important compounds.
  3. It helps maintain cellular redox balance.

Highlight: Understanding the cellular respiration diagram and its various components is crucial for grasping how organisms obtain and utilize energy at the molecular level.

In conclusion, cellular respiration is a fundamental process in biology that demonstrates the intricate ways in which cells convert food into usable energy. Its study is essential for understanding metabolism, bioenergetics, and the overall functioning of living organisms.

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the initial step of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. During this process, glucose, a 6-carbon sugar, is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, a 3-carbon compound. This process generates a small amount of ATP and NADH, a high-energy electron carrier.

Vocabulary: Pyruvate - A 3-carbon compound produced as the end product of glycolysis.

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. In this stage, each pyruvate molecule from glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA and enters the citric acid cycle. The cycle generates NADH, FADH2, ATP, and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Example: The citric acid cycle is like a cellular "energy factory" that produces high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) used in the next stage of cellular respiration.

Both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are crucial steps in the cellular respiration equation, preparing the cell for the final stage where the majority of ATP is produced.

AP Biology 3.6 Cellular Respiration Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD* H+ Mit

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

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Download in

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

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Average App Rating

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Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

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