How photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts is a fundamental biological process that converts light energy into chemical energy through light reactions and Calvin cycle explained stages. This endergonic process of photosynthesis in plants produces organic molecules from CO₂ and other inorganic materials.
• Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, specialized organelles containing thylakoid membranes and stroma
• The process involves two main stages: light reactions in thylakoid membranes and the Calvin cycle in stroma
• Light reactions convert solar energy into ATP and NADPH
• The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to produce glucose from CO₂
• Unlike cellular respiration, photosynthesis moves electrons from H₂O to CO₂, reducing it to sugar
