Page 2: Separation Techniques

This page details various separation methods used in chemistry, including filtration, crystallization, paper chromatography, and distillation. Each technique serves a specific purpose in the process of separating and purifying substances.

Vocabulary: Filtrate - the liquid that passes through the filter paper during filtration.

Example: Distillation can be used to separate salt water into pure water and salt, with the water vapor condensing in the condenser.

Highlight: Paper chromatography uses different solubility properties to separate mixtures into their components.

Page 1: States of Matter and Pure Substances

This page introduces fundamental concepts about states of matter and substance purity. The text explains how particles behave differently in solids, liquids, and gases, emphasizing the process of separating and purifying substances.

Definition: States of matter are defined by the arrangement and movement of particles within a substance.

Example: In gases, particles move randomly and are far apart, while in solids, particles are arranged regularly and vibrate in fixed positions.

Highlight: Pure substances show distinct temperature plateaus during state changes, while impure substances demonstrate a gradual temperature change.