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Apr 23, 2023
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Journey Through the Galaxies and Habitable Zones: A Kid's Guide to Space
icharmyou
@icharmyou
Planet Formation and Habitable Zones
This page delves into the process of planet formation and the concept of habitable zones within solar systems.
Planet formation begins with gravity condensing supernova dust. The inner mass heats up and initiates nuclear reactions, forming a star. Inner planets are stripped of lighter elements, while outer planets retain them.
Definition: Rocky planets consist of metallic cores and silicate crust/mantle with thin or no atmospheres. Gas giants have dense atmospheres of hydrogen and helium with no solid surface.
The habitable zone is introduced as the region around a star where liquid water can exist on a planet's surface. However, the page emphasizes that being in the HZ doesn't guarantee a planet can support life.
Highlight: The habitable zone in a solar system moves outward over time as the star's energy output increases.
The page then provides detailed information about Venus and Mars, comparing them to Earth:
Example: Venus, despite being similar in size to Earth, has temperatures exceeding 800°F and a dense CO2 atmosphere with sulfuric acid rain.
Example: Mars, with about 1/10 of Earth's mass, has a thin CO2 atmosphere and evidence of past liquid water on its surface.
These examples illustrate the diversity of planetary conditions even within our own solar system's habitable zone.
Star Types and Conditions for Life
This page explores various star types and the conditions necessary for supporting life on planets.
The text describes different star types, including:
- Red Dwarfs: Smaller than the Sun, cool surface, very long-lived, and most common.
- Yellow Dwarfs: Like our Sun, moderate mass, lifespan of about 10 billion years.
- Red Giants: Huge stars with dense cores and diffuse gas covers, eventually becoming white dwarfs.
- Blue Giants: Massive, hot stars that live fast and die young in supernovae.
- Neutron Stars: Incredibly dense, city-sized remnants of massive stars.
- Black Holes: Objects where matter has collapsed to a point, warping time and space.
Vocabulary: Spaghettification - The process by which an object would be stretched and ripped apart when falling into a black hole due to extreme gravitational forces.
The page then discusses conditions necessary for supporting life:
Highlight: Factors supporting life include plate tectonics, liquid water, a carbon cycle, and appropriate planet size and gravity.
The importance of a planet's moon is also mentioned:
Example: Earth's moon stabilizes our planet's orbital tilt and helps oxygenate water through tides.
Quote: "Our planet: perfect for supporting life"
This statement emphasizes Earth's unique position in meeting the conditions necessary for complex life to thrive.
The Structure and Evolution of Galaxies
This page provides an overview of the organization of the universe, focusing on galaxies and star formation.
Spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies are the main types discussed. Spiral galaxies, like our Milky Way, have stars with stable orbits, while elliptical galaxies lack this stability. At the center of most galaxies lies a massive black hole surrounded by densely packed stars.
The formation and lifecycle of stars is also covered. Stars burn hydrogen for energy, then switch to helium as they age. Larger stars have shorter lifespans and are more likely to produce heavier elements like iron before going supernova.
Highlight: The first stars in the universe formed about 400 million years after the Big Bang.
Vocabulary: Supernova - The explosive death of a massive star, releasing enormous amounts of energy and dispersing heavy elements into space.
The page concludes by noting that large stars are not conducive to life evolution due to their short lifespans and high UV emissions. Stable stars are necessary for complex life to develop, though even these cannot support life indefinitely.
Example: Our Sun, a yellow dwarf star, is expected to remain stable enough to support life for billions of years.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Journey Through the Galaxies and Habitable Zones: A Kid's Guide to Space
icharmyou
@icharmyou
The universe is a vast expanse containing billions of galaxies, organized into superclusters. Our Milky Way galaxy is home to our solar system and Earth. Formation of spiral and elliptical galaxiesdiffers, with spiral galaxies having more stable star orbits.... Show more
Planet Formation and Habitable Zones
This page delves into the process of planet formation and the concept of habitable zones within solar systems.
Planet formation begins with gravity condensing supernova dust. The inner mass heats up and initiates nuclear reactions, forming a star. Inner planets are stripped of lighter elements, while outer planets retain them.
Definition: Rocky planets consist of metallic cores and silicate crust/mantle with thin or no atmospheres. Gas giants have dense atmospheres of hydrogen and helium with no solid surface.
The habitable zone is introduced as the region around a star where liquid water can exist on a planet's surface. However, the page emphasizes that being in the HZ doesn't guarantee a planet can support life.
Highlight: The habitable zone in a solar system moves outward over time as the star's energy output increases.
The page then provides detailed information about Venus and Mars, comparing them to Earth:
Example: Venus, despite being similar in size to Earth, has temperatures exceeding 800°F and a dense CO2 atmosphere with sulfuric acid rain.
Example: Mars, with about 1/10 of Earth's mass, has a thin CO2 atmosphere and evidence of past liquid water on its surface.
These examples illustrate the diversity of planetary conditions even within our own solar system's habitable zone.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Star Types and Conditions for Life
This page explores various star types and the conditions necessary for supporting life on planets.
The text describes different star types, including:
- Red Dwarfs: Smaller than the Sun, cool surface, very long-lived, and most common.
- Yellow Dwarfs: Like our Sun, moderate mass, lifespan of about 10 billion years.
- Red Giants: Huge stars with dense cores and diffuse gas covers, eventually becoming white dwarfs.
- Blue Giants: Massive, hot stars that live fast and die young in supernovae.
- Neutron Stars: Incredibly dense, city-sized remnants of massive stars.
- Black Holes: Objects where matter has collapsed to a point, warping time and space.
Vocabulary: Spaghettification - The process by which an object would be stretched and ripped apart when falling into a black hole due to extreme gravitational forces.
The page then discusses conditions necessary for supporting life:
Highlight: Factors supporting life include plate tectonics, liquid water, a carbon cycle, and appropriate planet size and gravity.
The importance of a planet's moon is also mentioned:
Example: Earth's moon stabilizes our planet's orbital tilt and helps oxygenate water through tides.
Quote: "Our planet: perfect for supporting life"
This statement emphasizes Earth's unique position in meeting the conditions necessary for complex life to thrive.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The Structure and Evolution of Galaxies
This page provides an overview of the organization of the universe, focusing on galaxies and star formation.
Spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies are the main types discussed. Spiral galaxies, like our Milky Way, have stars with stable orbits, while elliptical galaxies lack this stability. At the center of most galaxies lies a massive black hole surrounded by densely packed stars.
The formation and lifecycle of stars is also covered. Stars burn hydrogen for energy, then switch to helium as they age. Larger stars have shorter lifespans and are more likely to produce heavier elements like iron before going supernova.
Highlight: The first stars in the universe formed about 400 million years after the Big Bang.
Vocabulary: Supernova - The explosive death of a massive star, releasing enormous amounts of energy and dispersing heavy elements into space.
The page concludes by noting that large stars are not conducive to life evolution due to their short lifespans and high UV emissions. Stable stars are necessary for complex life to develop, though even these cannot support life indefinitely.
Example: Our Sun, a yellow dwarf star, is expected to remain stable enough to support life for billions of years.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user