Localisation of Function in the Brain: A Comprehensive Overview
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Challenges to Localisation Theory and Case Study Evidence
This page presents counterarguments to the strict localisation of function in the brain theory and provides case study evidence that both supports and challenges the concept.
The text begins by discussing Lashley's 1950 study on rats, which challenges the localisation theory. Lashley found that learning a maze route seemed to involve the entire cortex rather than a specific area, contradicting the idea of strictly localised functions.
Example: Lashley's rat study showed that removing different areas of the cortex did not prevent maze learning, suggesting a more holistic brain function.
The document then addresses challenges to language localisation. It mentions that advanced brain-imaging techniques have identified language processing in areas beyond the traditional Broca's and Wernicke's areas. This finding contradicts the strict localisation theory for language functions.
Highlight: Modern brain imaging has revealed language processing occurs in multiple brain regions, not just Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
The page concludes with a brief mention of case study evidence. It notes that some cases of neurological damage support the localisation theory. The text specifically mentions Phineas Gage, a famous case in neuropsychology.
Example: The case of Phineas Gage, who lost most of his left frontal lobe, provides support for the localisation of certain functions in specific brain areas.
This section emphasizes the ongoing debate in brain function localisation, highlighting that while there is evidence supporting localisation, there are also findings that suggest a more complex and distributed processing of functions in the brain.
Localisation of Function in the Brain: Foundations and Structure
This page introduces the concept of localisation of function in the brain and contrasts it with the holistic theory. It details the structure of the brain, including hemispheres and lobes, and explains the principle of lateralisation.
The foundation of localisation theory is attributed to Broca and Wernicke's discoveries, which challenged the prevailing holistic theory. The brain's structure is described as divided into left and right hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body. The concept of lateralisation is introduced, highlighting that some functions are controlled by specific hemispheres.
The page further elaborates on the brain's four lobes - frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal - and their associated functions. It specifically mentions the motor area, somatosensory area, visual cortex, and auditory areas.
Definition: Lateralisation refers to the specialization of function in a particular hemisphere of the brain.
Vocabulary: Somatosensory area is the region of the brain responsible for processing sensory information from the skin and body.
The text then focuses on the language centers of the brain, typically located in the left hemisphere. It introduces Broca's area in the left frontal lobe, responsible for speech production, and Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe, responsible for language understanding.
Highlight: The language centers, Broca's area and Wernicke's area, play crucial roles in speech production and language comprehension respectively.
The page concludes with an evaluation section, presenting evidence supporting the localisation of function in the brain. It mentions findings from neurosurgery, where damage to specific brain areas has been linked to particular deficits. The text also notes that some mental disorders are treated with targeted neurosurgery, with successful outcomes suggesting localisation of certain behaviors.
Example: Brain scans have shown Wernicke's area activating during listening tasks and Broca's area during reading tasks, supporting the localisation theory.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Localisation of Brain Function: Easy Examples and Fun Facts
Localisation of Function in the Brain: A Comprehensive Overview
This document explores the concept of localisation of function in the brain, contrasting it with the holistic theory and delving into the structure and functions of different brain areas. It... Show more
Challenges to Localisation Theory and Case Study Evidence
This page presents counterarguments to the strict localisation of function in the brain theory and provides case study evidence that both supports and challenges the concept.
The text begins by discussing Lashley's 1950 study on rats, which challenges the localisation theory. Lashley found that learning a maze route seemed to involve the entire cortex rather than a specific area, contradicting the idea of strictly localised functions.
Example: Lashley's rat study showed that removing different areas of the cortex did not prevent maze learning, suggesting a more holistic brain function.
The document then addresses challenges to language localisation. It mentions that advanced brain-imaging techniques have identified language processing in areas beyond the traditional Broca's and Wernicke's areas. This finding contradicts the strict localisation theory for language functions.
Highlight: Modern brain imaging has revealed language processing occurs in multiple brain regions, not just Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
The page concludes with a brief mention of case study evidence. It notes that some cases of neurological damage support the localisation theory. The text specifically mentions Phineas Gage, a famous case in neuropsychology.
Example: The case of Phineas Gage, who lost most of his left frontal lobe, provides support for the localisation of certain functions in specific brain areas.
This section emphasizes the ongoing debate in brain function localisation, highlighting that while there is evidence supporting localisation, there are also findings that suggest a more complex and distributed processing of functions in the brain.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Localisation of Function in the Brain: Foundations and Structure
This page introduces the concept of localisation of function in the brain and contrasts it with the holistic theory. It details the structure of the brain, including hemispheres and lobes, and explains the principle of lateralisation.
The foundation of localisation theory is attributed to Broca and Wernicke's discoveries, which challenged the prevailing holistic theory. The brain's structure is described as divided into left and right hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body. The concept of lateralisation is introduced, highlighting that some functions are controlled by specific hemispheres.
The page further elaborates on the brain's four lobes - frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal - and their associated functions. It specifically mentions the motor area, somatosensory area, visual cortex, and auditory areas.
Definition: Lateralisation refers to the specialization of function in a particular hemisphere of the brain.
Vocabulary: Somatosensory area is the region of the brain responsible for processing sensory information from the skin and body.
The text then focuses on the language centers of the brain, typically located in the left hemisphere. It introduces Broca's area in the left frontal lobe, responsible for speech production, and Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe, responsible for language understanding.
Highlight: The language centers, Broca's area and Wernicke's area, play crucial roles in speech production and language comprehension respectively.
The page concludes with an evaluation section, presenting evidence supporting the localisation of function in the brain. It mentions findings from neurosurgery, where damage to specific brain areas has been linked to particular deficits. The text also notes that some mental disorders are treated with targeted neurosurgery, with successful outcomes suggesting localisation of certain behaviors.
Example: Brain scans have shown Wernicke's area activating during listening tasks and Broca's area during reading tasks, supporting the localisation theory.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user