Ansel Easton Adams was born on February 20, 1902, in San Francisco's Western Addition. His early years were shaped by significant events and personal challenges that would later influence his artistic vision.

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake had a profound impact on young Ansel's life. Although his family's home survived with minimal damage, the four-year-old Adams suffered a broken nose in an aftershock. This injury, combined with his family's financial struggles following the 1907 financial crisis, contributed to his difficulties in adapting to traditional schooling.

Unable to fit in at public school, Adams was eventually privately tutored. This change allowed him more freedom to explore his interests, including long walks in nature and music. He developed a passion for piano, teaching himself to read music before taking formal lessons.

Vocabulary: Aftershock - A smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake.

In 1916, a pivotal moment occurred in Adams' life when his parents took him to Yosemite National Park. It was during this trip that he received his first camera, a Kodak Box Brownie, marking the beginning of his photographic journey.

Example: The Kodak Box Brownie was a simple, inexpensive camera that helped popularize amateur photography in the early 20th century.

In the 1920s, Ansel Adams initially pursued a career as a pianist. However, after being told he lacked the potential to become a famous pianist, he redirected his passion towards photography. This transition marked the beginning of Adams' journey to becoming one of the most renowned photographers in history.

Adams' connection with the Sierra Club played a crucial role in his early success. He joined the club on wilderness trips and eventually became the "keeper" of the Sierra Club's Le Conte Memorial Lodge in Yosemite Valley. This association provided him with opportunities to publish his first photographs and writings in the Sierra Club's "Bulletin" in 1922.

Highlight: Adams' involvement with the Sierra Club was instrumental in launching his photography career and fostering his environmental advocacy.

A significant turning point in Adams' career came in 1926 when he met Albert Bender, who became his first sponsor. Bender, well-connected in San Francisco's artistic community, encouraged Adams to create a marketable portfolio of his mountain pictures. This led to the creation of "Parimelan Prints of the High Sierras," a portfolio of eighteen prints that included "Monolith, The Face of the Half Dome," which Adams considered his first truly important photograph.

Quote: "Monolith, The Face of the Half Dome" was Adams' breakthrough image, showcasing his ability to capture the grandeur of nature in black and white.

Bender's support extended beyond encouragement; he purchased the first ten portfolios himself and found buyers for the rest. This patronage not only provided financial support but also introduced Adams to other artists and photographers, including Edward Weston, whom Adams met at Bender's home in 1927.

Definition: Patronage - The support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another, particularly in the arts.

In 1928, Ansel Adams' personal and professional life took a significant turn when he met and married Virginia Best, an aspiring singer and daughter of landscape painter Harry Best. This union not only brought love into Adams' life but also provided a strong foundation for his burgeoning career in photography.

The couple had two children, Anne and Michael, and together they built a life that seamlessly blended family and art. Virginia played a crucial role in Adams' career, acting as a producer, archivist, and proofreader for her husband's work. Her support was instrumental in allowing Adams to focus on his craft and develop his unique style.

Highlight: Virginia Adams was not just a wife and mother, but an integral part of Ansel Adams' professional success, showcasing the importance of partnership in artistic endeavors.

A significant aspect of their life together was the inheritance of Harry Best's gallery in Yosemite. After Virginia's father passed away in 1936, Ansel and Virginia took over the studio, transforming it into a hub for photography enthusiasts. They expanded the business to include photography supplies and souvenirs, making it a must-visit destination for both artists and tourists.

Example: The Best's Studio, later renamed the Ansel Adams Gallery, became a cornerstone of Adams' legacy, continuing to operate and showcase his work to this day.

The couple's collaborative spirit extended beyond the gallery. They worked together on various projects, including the creation and publication of a children's book. This venture highlighted their ability to combine their talents and interests in new and creative ways.

Quote: "The gallery was not just a business for us, but a way to share our love of Yosemite and photography with the world." - Ansel Adams

In 1930, Ansel Adams visited Taos, New Mexico, a journey that would profoundly impact his photographic style and approach. During this trip, he met Paul Strand, an American photographer whose work and philosophy would have a lasting effect on Adams' artistic vision.

Strand encouraged Adams to shift from a soft, pictorialist expression of subjects to a much harder, more direct treatment known as "straight photography." This approach emphasized sharp focus, high contrast, and the inherent qualities of the photographic medium.

Definition: Straight photography - A style of photography that advocates for sharp focus and detailed images, emphasizing the camera's ability to record reality without manipulation.

This encounter with Strand and the concept of straight photography marked a turning point in Adams' career. It reinforced his growing belief in the power of photography to capture the raw beauty and essence of nature, particularly in his beloved landscapes of the American West.

Highlight: The influence of Paul Strand on Ansel Adams demonstrates how artistic growth often comes through collaboration and the exchange of ideas among peers.

Adams began to experiment with this new approach, applying it to his landscape photography. He focused on capturing the intricate details and textures of nature, using the full tonal range of black and white film to create images of unprecedented clarity and depth.

Example: Adams' famous photograph "Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico" $1941$ exemplifies this new approach, with its sharp focus and dramatic contrast between the moon-lit clouds and the dark landscape below.

This shift towards straight photography not only transformed Adams' personal style but also contributed to the broader acceptance of photography as a fine art form. His crisp, detailed images of the American wilderness helped elevate landscape photography from mere documentation to a powerful medium of artistic expression.

Ansel Adams, born in 1902 in San Francisco, became one of America's most celebrated landscape photographers and environmental activists. His journey from a shy, earthquake-affected child to a master of black and white photography is a testament to his passion and dedication.

• Early life marked by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and family financial struggles
• Discovered photography at age 14 during a trip to Yosemite National Park
• Transitioned from aspiring pianist to professional photographer in the 1920s
• Joined the Sierra Club, which played a crucial role in his early success
• Developed his iconic style of sharp focus and high contrast in black and white landscapes

Highlight: Adams' first camera, a Kodak Box Brownie, was a gift from his parents during his first visit to Yosemite National Park in 1916.