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Chapter 6 Section 5: Traits and Probability
1/21/2023
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6.5 – Traits and Probability The inheritance of traits follows the rules of probability Punnit squares illustrate genetic crosses O The punnett square is a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross The axes represent the possible gametes of each parent The boxes show the possible genotypesof the offspring O The punnett square yields the ratioof possible phenotypes and genotypes ● A monohybrid cross involves on trait ■ O Examine the inheritance of only one specific trait O A testcross is a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype ● A dihybrid cross involves two traits O Mendels dihybrid crosses with heterozygous plants yielded a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio O Mendels dihybrid crosses led to his second law, the law of independent assortment ■ The law of independent assortment states that allele pairs separate independently of eachother during meiosis ● Heredity patterns can be predicted with probability O Probability is the likelihood that something will happen O Predicts an average number of occurance, not an exact number of occurrences o Probability = (number of ways a specific event can occur)/(number of total possible outcomes) o Applies to random events such as meiosis and fertilization
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