DNA protien synthesis

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DNA REPLICATION purines- adenine and guanine → 2x carbon rings pynmadines thymine and cytosine - 1x carbon rings phosphate group ester xx Ibond Ų pentose (either DNA ZRNA) How it replicates DNA helicase unzips strands by breaking hydrogen bonds free nucleotides come. DNA polymerase adds bases onto strands (after primer) DNA Ligase forms new hydrogen bonds. Semiconserative replication 2x heavy chain DNA mRNA nitrogen base PROTEINSYNTHESIS Translation glycosidic bond 2 new strands made. Splits, lighter chains. added anti Codons tRNA J Transcription DNA molecule opens up by hydrogen bonds breaking. → free RNA bases come and attach to antisense strand → complimentary. base paining Bonding A = T GEC COMPLIMENTARY PAIRING when a stop codon / triplet is reached, the mRNA strand stops → DNA zips up behind as it goes. · hydrogen bonds amino acids 000 codons top- leading strand 5'-3' Lagging strand 3'→ 5¹ bottom- → one original, one new chain. mRNA go to a ribosome, it which processes FRNA brings amino acids → their anticodons link onto MRNA codons → codes for specific amino acid RIBOSOME MUTATIONS Gene mutations. Substitution - base swapped Insertion base added in Deletion base removed Chromosomal mutations. duplication deletion gene deleted inversion → →gene duplicated in } normal red blood cell Sickle cell amenia faulty beta chain haemoglobin protein - substitution gene mutation. faulty cell → amino acid chain is formed. → protein! → only change one amino acid in gene code move sequence of gene code to either. left or right 2 genes swap places. translocation → 2 genes swap into other chromosomes triplets change Cystic fybrosis deletion of triplet. → faulty protein made excess build up of water in cell → more mucas produced in airways amino acids change → different protein made Problems 40₂ I heat transport 1...

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