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Enzymes
2/19/2023
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Enzymes • Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by acting as biological catalysts. Enzyme Properties • Enzymes catalyse metabolic reactions • Enzymes have an active site, which part → The active site is the their tertiary structure. • Enzymes are highly specific due to Can affect structures in an organism • Enzymes Enzyme action can be intracellular (within cells), or How do enzymes speed reactions ? • Activation energy (E₂) is the to in a compounds • Enzymes speed up to result the rate the amount of activation energy making reactions happen at a they could without an enzyme. How do puts a Enzyme Structure enzyme-substrate complexes lower fits has C₂₂ specific shape. the enzyme where Substrate • Enzymes, being globular proteins, have sequence of amino acids. (primary structure). Active Site • When a Substrate complex which lowers the into the enzyme's active site activation energy. Reasons why: → If two substrate molecules need to them close together, reducing any repulsion between the breakdown a catalysing in the substrate, so the is → If the enzyme bonds on strain • The specific region of the enzyme is known as the active site. . The active site ts made up number of amino acids. of • The active site forms a larger enzyme molecule. →The molecule called the substrate. could be anabolic or catabolic. energy that must be provided chemical reaction. of reaction by lowering needed, often that's lower temperature than on which the a the that the substrate molecules is relatively Small depression within 08 well as functions (like respiration). extracellular (outside cells). activation functional Small Free energy (G) a specific 3D shape that is the the much enzyme acts is energy Energy of g reactants it forms 2 of the 6 Gmino acids which bind to. Progress of reaction an to the be joined, being attached enzyme holds molecules so they can bond more easily. reaction, fitting active Site in...
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Alternative transcript:
to Substrate molecule breaks the up more easily. bind to the substrate Activation energy without enzyme (E₂) Activation energy with enzyme (EA) Change in free energy (AG) result e Energy of ducts enzyme- substrate of their Substrate molecule Situated within the site enzyme's active single polypeptide Chain of 50 in acids which form the enzyme Ramino acids not forming part of the active site hydrogen bonds/polar bonds maintains enzyme's shape · The substrate fits complex. is · The substrate molecule between certain amino a cids Induced Fit" Model the neatly ino What held of the the This model shows that the active site is enzyme-substrate complex to form. causes the . The induced proposes that enzyme and fit the Substract interact. • The proximity of the substrate (a change in a the environment of change in active site. the enzyme) leads to that forms the functional enzyme + ・Any change in an enzyme's environment very The act of hence the Shape changes, Specificity & Denaturation active within the active active site and model of enzyme action active site forms the no site depression and flexible and colliding with its substrate is name "induced fit". CATALYSAT (ON is enzyme denaturation ? •If the tertiary structure of a protein is altered in any way, the shape of the active site will change. longer be • Hence the substrate won't fit into the active formed and the enzyme will able The is denatured. enzyme • The tertiary structure could protein. Enzyme also change enzyme Why are enzymes so specific? • This is because only one complementary Substrate • The active site's Shape is determined by the Structure). determined by the enzyme's primary • Each different enzyme has different tertiary a active site. • If the substrate shape doesn't match the active site, an won't be formed and the reaction won't be catalysed. site by bonds that temporarily form the substrate groups molecule. on in is likely to change its shape. a change in its will Substrates if change The tertiary structure could also be altered by pH forms fit into enzyme's tertiary allowe + mutation Enzyme-substrate complex structure and 80 or an enzyme-substrate Substrate to the active site. Structure (which is environment and So its enzyme- Product site, an enzyme - Substrate complex function. its carry to out NO fit a different shaped - substrate complex + 00 in occurs CATALYSATION and Enzyme the primary temperature changes. won't be structure