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Biology

Genes, Cells, and Organisms

Cell Specialization

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Sep 13, 2023

•

2 pages

Exploring Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic and Cool Stem Cell Facts

user profile picture

Ahmed Nour ✓™

@ahmednour

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Differentiation, and Stem Cells

This... Show more

PROKARYOTIC- a single-celled organism (eg. bacteria) EUKARYOTIC - complex cells (eg. animal and plant cells) cett animal 0 0 GOLLS 0:0 Nucle

Stem Cells: Types, Applications, and Ethical Considerations

This page delves into the fascinating world of stem cells, their types, potential applications, and the ethical debates surrounding their use.

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to divide and differentiate into various cell types. The page distinguishes between two main types of stem cells:

  1. Embryonic stem cells: Found in early human embryos Can differentiate into any type of cell pluripotentpluripotent Have the potential to develop into any cell type in the body
  2. Adult stem cells: Found in specific tissues, such as bone marrow More limited in their differentiation potential, typically producing only specific cell types

Example: Adult stem cells in bone marrow can differentiate into various blood cell types.

The page highlights the potential applications of stem cells in medical treatments:

  • Replacing faulty blood cells using bone marrow stem cells
  • Producing insulin-producing cells for diabetes treatment
  • Generating nerve cells for spinal cord injury repair

Highlight: Stem cells can be grown in laboratories to produce clones, which can then be differentiated into specialized cells for various medical applications.

The document introduces the concept of therapeutic cloning:

Definition: Therapeutic cloning involves creating an embryo with the same genetics as the patient, ensuring that stem cells derived from it would not be rejected by the patient's body.

The ethical debate surrounding stem cell research is presented:

Arguments for stem cell research:

  • Potential to cure existing diseases and alleviate suffering
  • Utilization of unwanted embryos that would otherwise be destroyed

Arguments against stem cell research:

  • Concerns about using human embryos, which are seen as potential human life
  • Risks associated with obtaining embryos from women

The page concludes by discussing stem cells in plants:

  • Plant stem cells are found in meristem tissues
  • Meristem cells can differentiate into any type of plant cell throughout the plant's life
  • Applications include producing clones of whole plants quickly and cheaply
  • Used to grow more plants of rare species or to cultivate crops with desired features like disease resistance

This comprehensive overview of stem cells provides valuable information for students studying specialized cells in plants and animals, their functions, and the potential applications of stem cell research in both plant and animal biology.

PROKARYOTIC- a single-celled organism (eg. bacteria) EUKARYOTIC - complex cells (eg. animal and plant cells) cett animal 0 0 GOLLS 0:0 Nucle

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells and Cell Specialization

This page provides a comprehensive overview of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as the process of cell differentiation and specialization.

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are single-celled organisms with a simpler structure. They lack a true nucleus but contain a single strand of DNA and small rings of DNA called plasmids.

Eukaryotic cells, found in animals and plants, have a more complex structure. The page details the key components of eukaryotic cells:

Vocabulary: Nucleus - The control center of the cell, containing genetic material and regulating cell activity.

Vocabulary: Cytoplasm - The gel-like substance where chemical reactions occur and enzymes are found.

Vocabulary: Mitochondria - Organelles responsible for aerobic respiration, producing energy for the cell.

Vocabulary: Ribosomes - Structures where protein synthesis takes place.

Vocabulary: Vacuole - In plant cells, a permanent structure containing cell sap sugarsandsaltssugars and salts.

Vocabulary: Chloroplasts - Found only in plant cells, these organelles contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis.

The page then explores cell differentiation and specialization.

Definition: Differentiation is the process by which cells change to become specialized for specific functions.

Examples of specialized cells are provided:

  1. Sperm cells: Adapted for reproduction with a long tail, streamlined head, numerous mitochondria, and enzymes for penetrating the egg cell.
  2. Muscle cells: Elongated with abundant mitochondria for energy production during contraction.
  3. Root hair cells in plants: Feature long hairs to increase surface area for mineral absorption from soil.
  4. Nerve cells: Designed for rapid signaling with long, branched structures to connect with other nerve cells.
  5. Phloem and xylem cells in plants: Specialized for transporting substances, with elongated structures and few subcellular components to facilitate flow.

Highlight: While most animal cell differentiation occurs during early development, plant cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout their lifecycle.

This comprehensive overview provides a solid foundation for understanding the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as the 10 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that are crucial for students studying biology at various levels, including Class 8, Class 9, and Class 11.



Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

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4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

Subjects

Biology

Genes, Cells, and Organisms

Cell Specialization

 

Biology

•

350

•

Sep 13, 2023

•

2 pages

Exploring Cells: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic and Cool Stem Cell Facts

user profile picture

Ahmed Nour ✓™

@ahmednour

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Differentiation, and Stem Cells

This document provides an in-depth comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, focusing on their structures and functions. It also explores cell differentiation, specialization, and the role of stem cells in both... Show more

PROKARYOTIC- a single-celled organism (eg. bacteria) EUKARYOTIC - complex cells (eg. animal and plant cells) cett animal 0 0 GOLLS 0:0 Nucle

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Stem Cells: Types, Applications, and Ethical Considerations

This page delves into the fascinating world of stem cells, their types, potential applications, and the ethical debates surrounding their use.

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to divide and differentiate into various cell types. The page distinguishes between two main types of stem cells:

  1. Embryonic stem cells: Found in early human embryos Can differentiate into any type of cell pluripotentpluripotent Have the potential to develop into any cell type in the body
  2. Adult stem cells: Found in specific tissues, such as bone marrow More limited in their differentiation potential, typically producing only specific cell types

Example: Adult stem cells in bone marrow can differentiate into various blood cell types.

The page highlights the potential applications of stem cells in medical treatments:

  • Replacing faulty blood cells using bone marrow stem cells
  • Producing insulin-producing cells for diabetes treatment
  • Generating nerve cells for spinal cord injury repair

Highlight: Stem cells can be grown in laboratories to produce clones, which can then be differentiated into specialized cells for various medical applications.

The document introduces the concept of therapeutic cloning:

Definition: Therapeutic cloning involves creating an embryo with the same genetics as the patient, ensuring that stem cells derived from it would not be rejected by the patient's body.

The ethical debate surrounding stem cell research is presented:

Arguments for stem cell research:

  • Potential to cure existing diseases and alleviate suffering
  • Utilization of unwanted embryos that would otherwise be destroyed

Arguments against stem cell research:

  • Concerns about using human embryos, which are seen as potential human life
  • Risks associated with obtaining embryos from women

The page concludes by discussing stem cells in plants:

  • Plant stem cells are found in meristem tissues
  • Meristem cells can differentiate into any type of plant cell throughout the plant's life
  • Applications include producing clones of whole plants quickly and cheaply
  • Used to grow more plants of rare species or to cultivate crops with desired features like disease resistance

This comprehensive overview of stem cells provides valuable information for students studying specialized cells in plants and animals, their functions, and the potential applications of stem cell research in both plant and animal biology.

PROKARYOTIC- a single-celled organism (eg. bacteria) EUKARYOTIC - complex cells (eg. animal and plant cells) cett animal 0 0 GOLLS 0:0 Nucle

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells and Cell Specialization

This page provides a comprehensive overview of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as the process of cell differentiation and specialization.

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are single-celled organisms with a simpler structure. They lack a true nucleus but contain a single strand of DNA and small rings of DNA called plasmids.

Eukaryotic cells, found in animals and plants, have a more complex structure. The page details the key components of eukaryotic cells:

Vocabulary: Nucleus - The control center of the cell, containing genetic material and regulating cell activity.

Vocabulary: Cytoplasm - The gel-like substance where chemical reactions occur and enzymes are found.

Vocabulary: Mitochondria - Organelles responsible for aerobic respiration, producing energy for the cell.

Vocabulary: Ribosomes - Structures where protein synthesis takes place.

Vocabulary: Vacuole - In plant cells, a permanent structure containing cell sap sugarsandsaltssugars and salts.

Vocabulary: Chloroplasts - Found only in plant cells, these organelles contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis.

The page then explores cell differentiation and specialization.

Definition: Differentiation is the process by which cells change to become specialized for specific functions.

Examples of specialized cells are provided:

  1. Sperm cells: Adapted for reproduction with a long tail, streamlined head, numerous mitochondria, and enzymes for penetrating the egg cell.
  2. Muscle cells: Elongated with abundant mitochondria for energy production during contraction.
  3. Root hair cells in plants: Feature long hairs to increase surface area for mineral absorption from soil.
  4. Nerve cells: Designed for rapid signaling with long, branched structures to connect with other nerve cells.
  5. Phloem and xylem cells in plants: Specialized for transporting substances, with elongated structures and few subcellular components to facilitate flow.

Highlight: While most animal cell differentiation occurs during early development, plant cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout their lifecycle.

This comprehensive overview provides a solid foundation for understanding the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as the 10 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that are crucial for students studying biology at various levels, including Class 8, Class 9, and Class 11.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user