Frontal Lobe
The frontal lobe is responsible for personality, behavior, emotions, judgement, planning, problem solving, speech (speaking, writing, body movement), intelligence, concentration, and self-awareness.
Temporal Lobe
The temporal lobe is involved in understanding language (Wernicke's area), memory, and hearing. It also plays a role in sequencing and organization.
Parietal Lobe
The parietal lobe interprets language words, as well as the sense of touch, pain, and temperature. It also interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor sensory, and memory, and is involved in spatial and visual perception.
Occipital Lobe
The occipital lobe interprets vision, including color, light, and movement.
The primary motor cortex is located in the frontal lobe, while the sensory cortex is located in the parietal lobe.
In the limbic system and deep structures, the amygdala serves to coordinate behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine responses to environmental stimuli, stress, and anxiety. The hippocampus plays a role in memory processing, while the hypothalamus regulates temperature and osmolarity and has direct retinal input that entrains circadian rhythms to the day-night cycle. The thalamus, located at the top of the brain stem, acts as a two-way relay station for signals within the nervous system.
The limbic system is a network of neurons that supports emotion, behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction, and it interacts with the basal ganglia to direct intentional movements.
The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for analytical thought, detail-oriented perception, recognition of words, letters, and numbers, and spatial perception, among other functions. It also controls the left side of the body.
Meanwhile, the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for verbal communication, language comprehension, and controlling the right side of the body. It also supports rational thought, logical thinking, and analytical processes.
The corpus callosum, a large nerve fiber bundle located underneath the cerebral cortex, allows for communication and coordination between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. It is only found in placental mammals and contains four main parts: rostrum, genu, trunk, and splenium.
Overall, the brain's various lobes and structures play crucial roles in regulating a wide range of functions, from sensory perception and motor function to memory processing and emotional responses. Understanding the brain's anatomy and functions is essential for understanding various neurological and psychological processes.
