Nigeria Case Study: An NEE's Development Journey
Nigeria perfectly shows how an NEE can transform itself through various development strategies. Located in West Africa, this massive country has become a regional powerhouse despite facing challenges like extremist groups in the north.
Nigeria's changing industrial structure has been dramatic - in 1975, nearly 69% of GDP came from primary sectors like farming, but by 2014, over 53% came from tertiary services. The economy grew at an impressive 7% annually for over a decade! Their Nollywood film industry is now the world's second largest, showing how creative industries can boost development.
International relationships have shifted too. Once a British colony until 1960, Nigeria now leads African organisations and trades globally. Their biggest oil customer switched from the USA to India, showing how trading patterns evolve with development.
Remember: TNCs like Shell bring both benefits (jobs, investment) and problems (pollution, exploitation) to developing countries.
Tourism in places like Kenya demonstrates another development strategy. By cutting visa fees and improving access, Kenya doubled tourist numbers from 0.9 to 1.8 million between 1995-2011. This created 600,000 jobs and improved the country's HDI score, though some local communities faced displacement.
Various strategies can reduce the development gap: foreign investment, industrial development, tourism, aid, intermediate technology, fair trade, debt relief, and microfinance loans. Each has advantages and limitations, but combining multiple approaches tends to work best.