Understanding Psychology and Its Core Perspectives

The first page introduces the fundamental concepts of psychology as the scientific study of mind and behavior. The text explores the five major psychological perspectives that explain human behavior through different lenses.

Definition: Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, incorporating multiple perspectives to understand human conduct.

Highlight: The five major perspectives in psychology are psychodynamic, neuroscience, cognitive, humanistic, and behavioristic approaches.

Each perspective offers unique insights:

The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes unconscious motivations.

Example: People may unconsciously act to preserve wealth or power without awareness.

The neuroscience perspective focuses on biological functioning.

Example: Human brain anatomy and chemistry demonstrate no biological basis for racial differences.

The cognitive perspective examines thought processes and knowledge.

Example: Racial bias can develop through years of exposure to subtle stereotypical messages.

The humanistic perspective emphasizes personal growth and choice.

Example: Individuals from minority or low socioeconomic backgrounds may struggle with basic safety needs before advancing to higher-level development.

The behavioristic perspective focuses on learning through environmental feedback.

Example: Constant negative feedback can lead to learned helplessness.