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Cultural Variations in Attachment: Examples, Studies & 16 Marker Tips

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Cultural Variations in Attachment: Examples, Studies & 16 Marker Tips

Cultural variations in attachment are a crucial aspect of cultural attachment theory and have been extensively studied in A Level Psychology. This summary explores key research and evaluations in this field.

  • Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis is a cornerstone study in understanding cultural variations in attachment.
  • The research reveals that secure attachment is the most common type across cultures, but there are notable variations within and between countries.
  • Studies from different countries, such as Italy and Korea, provide insights into how cultural practices influence attachment types.
  • Evaluation of these studies highlights both strengths and limitations in methodology and interpretation.

2/16/2023

632

Attachment
A01
Studies of cultural variations
Key study: van Ijzendoorn
IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) studied the proportions of secure,

Cultural Variations in Attachment: Key Studies and Findings

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's Meta-Analysis

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to examine cultural variations in attachment. Their study analyzed 32 studies using the Strange Situation procedure across 8 countries, involving 1,990 children.

Highlight: The meta-analysis revealed that secure attachment was the most common type in all countries studied, while insecure-resistant attachment was the least common overall.

A significant finding was that variations in attachment types were 150% greater within countries than across different countries. This suggests that while cultural differences exist, there is also considerable variation within individual cultures.

Example: The Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg study provides a robust example of cultural variation in attachment, demonstrating both similarities and differences across cultures.

Other Studies of Cultural Variations

  1. Italian Study by Simonella et al. (2014): This research found a lower rate of secure attachment compared to many other studies. The researchers attributed this to longer working hours for women and increased use of childcare in Italy.

  2. Korean Study by Jin et al. (2012): This study discovered similar rates of secure and insecure attachments overall, but with higher rates of insecure-resistant attachment and only one case of insecure-avoidant attachment.

Vocabulary: Insecure-resistant attachment refers to a pattern where children show distress upon separation from caregivers but are difficult to comfort upon reunion.

These studies contribute to our understanding of how cultural variations in attachment manifest in different societies.

Attachment
A01
Studies of cultural variations
Key study: van Ijzendoorn
IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) studied the proportions of secure,

View

Evaluation of Cultural Variation Studies in Attachment

Strengths of the Research

  1. Large Samples: Studies like the Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg meta-analysis used large samples, which increases internal validity by reducing the impact of anomalous results.

Definition: Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures what it intends to measure.

Limitations and Criticisms

  1. Unrepresentative Samples: Despite large sample sizes, the samples used in these studies often fail to represent the full diversity within each culture.

  2. Cross-Country Comparisons: Comparisons between countries may have limited impact as each country likely contains multiple cultures and subcultures.

  3. Biased Assessment Method: The Strange Situation procedure, designed by an American based on a British theory, may not be universally applicable across cultures.

Example: In Germany, what might be interpreted as insecure-avoidant attachment could actually reflect cultural values of independence.

  1. Alternative Explanations: The small cross-cultural differences observed might be attributed to the effects of mass media rather than inherent cultural variations.

  2. Validity of the Strange Situation: Kagan et al. (1986) suggested that the Strange Situation might be measuring anxiety or temperament rather than attachment.

Quote: "Attachment is more related to temperament than relationship with primary attachment figure" - Kagan et al. (1986)

These evaluations are crucial for understanding the strengths and limitations of research into cultural variations in attachment and highlight the complexity of cross-cultural psychological research.

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

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Download in

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

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Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

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I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Cultural Variations in Attachment: Examples, Studies & 16 Marker Tips

Cultural variations in attachment are a crucial aspect of cultural attachment theory and have been extensively studied in A Level Psychology. This summary explores key research and evaluations in this field.

  • Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis is a cornerstone study in understanding cultural variations in attachment.
  • The research reveals that secure attachment is the most common type across cultures, but there are notable variations within and between countries.
  • Studies from different countries, such as Italy and Korea, provide insights into how cultural practices influence attachment types.
  • Evaluation of these studies highlights both strengths and limitations in methodology and interpretation.

2/16/2023

632

 

12/13

 

Psychology

26

Attachment
A01
Studies of cultural variations
Key study: van Ijzendoorn
IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) studied the proportions of secure,

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Cultural Variations in Attachment: Key Studies and Findings

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's Meta-Analysis

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to examine cultural variations in attachment. Their study analyzed 32 studies using the Strange Situation procedure across 8 countries, involving 1,990 children.

Highlight: The meta-analysis revealed that secure attachment was the most common type in all countries studied, while insecure-resistant attachment was the least common overall.

A significant finding was that variations in attachment types were 150% greater within countries than across different countries. This suggests that while cultural differences exist, there is also considerable variation within individual cultures.

Example: The Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg study provides a robust example of cultural variation in attachment, demonstrating both similarities and differences across cultures.

Other Studies of Cultural Variations

  1. Italian Study by Simonella et al. (2014): This research found a lower rate of secure attachment compared to many other studies. The researchers attributed this to longer working hours for women and increased use of childcare in Italy.

  2. Korean Study by Jin et al. (2012): This study discovered similar rates of secure and insecure attachments overall, but with higher rates of insecure-resistant attachment and only one case of insecure-avoidant attachment.

Vocabulary: Insecure-resistant attachment refers to a pattern where children show distress upon separation from caregivers but are difficult to comfort upon reunion.

These studies contribute to our understanding of how cultural variations in attachment manifest in different societies.

Attachment
A01
Studies of cultural variations
Key study: van Ijzendoorn
IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) studied the proportions of secure,

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Evaluation of Cultural Variation Studies in Attachment

Strengths of the Research

  1. Large Samples: Studies like the Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg meta-analysis used large samples, which increases internal validity by reducing the impact of anomalous results.

Definition: Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures what it intends to measure.

Limitations and Criticisms

  1. Unrepresentative Samples: Despite large sample sizes, the samples used in these studies often fail to represent the full diversity within each culture.

  2. Cross-Country Comparisons: Comparisons between countries may have limited impact as each country likely contains multiple cultures and subcultures.

  3. Biased Assessment Method: The Strange Situation procedure, designed by an American based on a British theory, may not be universally applicable across cultures.

Example: In Germany, what might be interpreted as insecure-avoidant attachment could actually reflect cultural values of independence.

  1. Alternative Explanations: The small cross-cultural differences observed might be attributed to the effects of mass media rather than inherent cultural variations.

  2. Validity of the Strange Situation: Kagan et al. (1986) suggested that the Strange Situation might be measuring anxiety or temperament rather than attachment.

Quote: "Attachment is more related to temperament than relationship with primary attachment figure" - Kagan et al. (1986)

These evaluations are crucial for understanding the strengths and limitations of research into cultural variations in attachment and highlight the complexity of cross-cultural psychological research.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying