Psychological Disorders: An In-Depth Overview

This page provides a comprehensive introduction to psychological disorders, focusing on the concept of abnormality and various theoretical perspectives used to explain it.

Definition: Abnormality is defined as behavior that causes people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives.

The characteristics of abnormal behavior include:

• Unusual or unpredictable behavior
• Socially inappropriate behavior
• Faulty perceptions and interpretations of reality
• Prolonged distress
• Self-defeating behavior
• Danger to self or others

The guide outlines several theoretical perspectives used to explain abnormality:

1. Psychoanalytic: Focuses on early experiences and unconscious motives
2. Behavioral: Emphasizes learning and behavior
3. Cognitive: Concentrates on thoughts and thinking patterns
4. Humanistic: Highlights personal responsibility, choice, and conscious awareness
5. Medical: Examines brain-based factors such as neurotransmitters, brain activity, and functioning

Highlight: Understanding these theoretical perspectives is crucial for comprehending the complex nature of psychological disorders and their development.

The page then delves into anxiety disorders, providing a general overview and specific types:

Definition: Anxiety disorders are characterized by maladaptive, disruptive, irrational, and uncontrollable feelings of tension, apprehension, and worry.

Types of anxiety disorders discussed include:

• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Specific phobias
• Social anxiety disorder

Example: A person with social anxiety disorder might experience intense fear and physical symptoms like sweating and trembling when faced with social situations or public speaking.

The guide also covers treatment options for anxiety disorders:

1. Medications:

   • Antianxiety drugs: Benzodiazepines, Buspirone, Beta-blockers
   • Antidepressants: SSRIs, SNRIs, and atypical antidepressants

2. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

3. Behavioral techniques:

   • Flooding
   • Systematic desensitization

Vocabulary: SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) and SNRIs (Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) are types of antidepressants that work by altering neurotransmitter levels in the brain.

The page concludes with an introduction to mood disorders, highlighting their general characteristics and specific types:

Definition: Mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in emotion, where emotions may become extreme or disappear entirely.

The guide specifically mentions Major Depressive Disorder, describing it as a condition involving extreme sadness, feelings of worthlessness, and lack of energy.