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Understanding Motivation and Personality: Intrinsic vs Extrinsic, Drive Reduction, Yerkes-Dodson Law

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Understanding Motivation and Personality: Intrinsic vs Extrinsic, Drive Reduction, Yerkes-Dodson Law

Motivation is the psychological force driving behaviors to achieve goals and fulfill needs. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are key concepts, with intrinsic coming from internal factors and extrinsic from external rewards. Several theories explain motivation, including drive reduction theory, arousal theory, and incentive theory. The Yerkes-Dodson Law relates arousal to task performance. Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides a framework for understanding human motivations.

1/14/2023

364

Motivation: Driving Forces Behind Behavior

This page introduces the concept of motivation in psychology and distinguishes between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Key points include:

  • Motivation is defined as the psychological force initiating behaviors to complete goals and fulfill needs.

  • Extrinsic motivation comes from external factors like money or praise, while intrinsic motivation stems from internal factors like enjoyment or pride.

  • The overjustification effect occurs when excessive external rewards reduce intrinsic motivation.

  • Several theories explain motivation, including drive reduction theory, arousal theory, and incentive theory.

Definition: Motivation is a psychological force that initiates behaviors necessary to complete goals and fulfill needs.

Example: A student studying for an exam out of interest in the subject demonstrates intrinsic motivation, while one studying to get a good grade shows extrinsic motivation.

Highlight: Understanding the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is crucial for effectively motivating oneself and others.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Theories of Motivation: Drive Reduction and Arousal

This page delves into two major theories of motivation: drive reduction theory and arousal theory. Key points include:

  • Drive reduction theory posits that biological drives to maintain homeostasis motivate behaviors.

  • American psychologist Clark Hull developed drive reduction theory in 1943, using operant conditioning principles to explain motivation.

  • Arousal theory suggests people have unique optimal levels of psychological arousal for satisfaction.

  • The Yerkes-Dodson Law relates psychological arousal to task performance, showing an inverted U-shaped relationship.

Vocabulary: Homeostasis refers to the body's internal state of equilibrium.

Example: Drive reduction theory explains why we eat when hungry or seek shelter when cold.

Highlight: The Yerkes-Dodson Law demonstrates that moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance, while too little or too much arousal can impair performance.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

Yerkes-Dodson Law and Task Familiarity

This page expands on the Yerkes-Dodson Law and introduces the Inverted U Function. Key points include:

  • The Inverted U Function is a variation of the Yerkes-Dodson Law, considering task familiarity.

  • Unfamiliar and complex tasks are performed best with lower arousal levels.

  • Familiar, well-practiced tasks are performed best with higher arousal levels.

  • Professional musicians may need different arousal levels for practice versus public performance.

Example: A professional musician might need to increase arousal for optimal practice performance but calm themselves to avoid anxiety during a public performance.

Highlight: The relationship between arousal and performance varies depending on task complexity and familiarity, as explained by the Inverted U Function.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

This page introduces Abraham Maslow and his hierarchy of needs theory. Key points include:

  • Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) was an American psychologist and the father of Humanistic Psychology.

  • Humanistic Psychology emphasizes humans' inherent drive towards self-actualization.

  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill certain needs in a specific order.

  • The hierarchy suggests that some needs take precedence over others.

Definition: Self-actualization is the process of realizing and expressing one's full capabilities.

Highlight: Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides a comprehensive framework for understanding human motivation, from basic physiological needs to higher-level psychological needs.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

Instinct and Incentive Theories of Motivation

This page introduces instinct theory and incentive motivation theory. Key points include:

  • Instinct theory proposes that certain behaviors are innate and driven by survival needs.

  • Incentive motivation theory emphasizes the role of external motivators in driving behaviors.

  • Incentive theory is influenced by the cognitive-behavioral approach to psychology.

  • Workplace incentives can vary in effectiveness based on individual preferences and needs.

Example: An infant's crying is an example of an innate behavior explained by instinct theory.

Highlight: While drive reduction, arousal, and instinct theories focus on intrinsic motivators, incentive theory emphasizes the role of extrinsic motivators.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

View

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 11 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 11 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

View

Understanding Motivation and Personality: Intrinsic vs Extrinsic, Drive Reduction, Yerkes-Dodson Law

Understanding Motivation and Personality: Intrinsic vs Extrinsic, Drive Reduction, Yerkes-Dodson Law

Motivation is the psychological force driving behaviors to achieve goals and fulfill needs. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are key concepts, with intrinsic coming from internal factors and extrinsic from external rewards. Several theories explain motivation, including drive reduction theory, arousal theory, and incentive theory. The Yerkes-Dodson Law relates arousal to task performance. Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides a framework for understanding human motivations.

1/14/2023

364

Motivation: Driving Forces Behind Behavior

This page introduces the concept of motivation in psychology and distinguishes between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Key points include:

  • Motivation is defined as the psychological force initiating behaviors to complete goals and fulfill needs.

  • Extrinsic motivation comes from external factors like money or praise, while intrinsic motivation stems from internal factors like enjoyment or pride.

  • The overjustification effect occurs when excessive external rewards reduce intrinsic motivation.

  • Several theories explain motivation, including drive reduction theory, arousal theory, and incentive theory.

Definition: Motivation is a psychological force that initiates behaviors necessary to complete goals and fulfill needs.

Example: A student studying for an exam out of interest in the subject demonstrates intrinsic motivation, while one studying to get a good grade shows extrinsic motivation.

Highlight: Understanding the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is crucial for effectively motivating oneself and others.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Theories of Motivation: Drive Reduction and Arousal

This page delves into two major theories of motivation: drive reduction theory and arousal theory. Key points include:

  • Drive reduction theory posits that biological drives to maintain homeostasis motivate behaviors.

  • American psychologist Clark Hull developed drive reduction theory in 1943, using operant conditioning principles to explain motivation.

  • Arousal theory suggests people have unique optimal levels of psychological arousal for satisfaction.

  • The Yerkes-Dodson Law relates psychological arousal to task performance, showing an inverted U-shaped relationship.

Vocabulary: Homeostasis refers to the body's internal state of equilibrium.

Example: Drive reduction theory explains why we eat when hungry or seek shelter when cold.

Highlight: The Yerkes-Dodson Law demonstrates that moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance, while too little or too much arousal can impair performance.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Yerkes-Dodson Law and Task Familiarity

This page expands on the Yerkes-Dodson Law and introduces the Inverted U Function. Key points include:

  • The Inverted U Function is a variation of the Yerkes-Dodson Law, considering task familiarity.

  • Unfamiliar and complex tasks are performed best with lower arousal levels.

  • Familiar, well-practiced tasks are performed best with higher arousal levels.

  • Professional musicians may need different arousal levels for practice versus public performance.

Example: A professional musician might need to increase arousal for optimal practice performance but calm themselves to avoid anxiety during a public performance.

Highlight: The relationship between arousal and performance varies depending on task complexity and familiarity, as explained by the Inverted U Function.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

This page introduces Abraham Maslow and his hierarchy of needs theory. Key points include:

  • Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) was an American psychologist and the father of Humanistic Psychology.

  • Humanistic Psychology emphasizes humans' inherent drive towards self-actualization.

  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that people are motivated to fulfill certain needs in a specific order.

  • The hierarchy suggests that some needs take precedence over others.

Definition: Self-actualization is the process of realizing and expressing one's full capabilities.

Highlight: Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides a comprehensive framework for understanding human motivation, from basic physiological needs to higher-level psychological needs.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Instinct and Incentive Theories of Motivation

This page introduces instinct theory and incentive motivation theory. Key points include:

  • Instinct theory proposes that certain behaviors are innate and driven by survival needs.

  • Incentive motivation theory emphasizes the role of external motivators in driving behaviors.

  • Incentive theory is influenced by the cognitive-behavioral approach to psychology.

  • Workplace incentives can vary in effectiveness based on individual preferences and needs.

Example: An infant's crying is an example of an innate behavior explained by instinct theory.

Highlight: While drive reduction, arousal, and instinct theories focus on intrinsic motivators, incentive theory emphasizes the role of extrinsic motivators.

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

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Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

●
●
Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, & Personality
Motivation
"Your drive, reason, or inspiration for doing something"
A psychological force tha

Sign up

Sign up to get unlimited access to thousands of study materials. It's free!

Access to all documents

Join milions of students

Improve your grades

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 11 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying