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Smruti Sannabhadti
1/21/2023
AP US History
Adams, Jefferson, and Madison Notes
34
•
Jan 21, 2023
•
Who Won the 1796 Election? Discover John Adams and Thomas Jefferson's Historic Battle
Jefferson's Presidency and Domestic Changes
Thomas Jefferson's presidency focused on reducing the size and scope of the federal government:
- Domestic Policy:
- Cut taxes
- Reduced the federal bureaucracy
- Decreased the army from 12,000 to 3,000
- Advocated for free trade
These policies made Jefferson very popular, leading to his easy re-election.
- Judicial Developments:
- Chief Justice John Marshall, a Federalist, strengthened the Supreme Court and federal government.
- Marbury v. Madison established judicial review.
Definition: Judicial Review - The power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws.
-
Louisiana Purchase (1803):
- Doubled the size of the United States
- Cost $15 million
- Increased national debt
-
Lewis and Clark Expedition:
- Hired Sacajawea as interpreter and guide
- Goals included contacting Native Americans, gathering information on natural resources, and finding river routes to the Pacific
-
Embargo Act of 1807:
- Outlawed almost all trade with Britain and France
- Unpopular among Americans due to economic losses
Example: The Embargo Act's unpopularity led to a decline in Jefferson's popularity towards the end of his presidency.
Madison's Presidency and the War of 1812
James Madison, the 4th president and a Republican, faced significant challenges during his tenure, primarily the War of 1812:
-
Reasons for War:
- British harassment at sea (impressment)
- British aid to rebellious Native Americans
-
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811):
- Conflict between Shawnee led by Tecumseh and U.S. military under General William Henry Harrison
- Harrison became a war hero
- Discovery of British guns used by Shawnee pushed U.S. towards war with Britain
-
War of 1812 Events:
- Failed attacks on Canada
- Limited naval successes
- Burning of the White House by British forces
Quote: "The War of 1812 gave Americans a sense of pride; entered feel good era."
-
Star-Spangled Banner:
- Written by Francis Scott Key during the bombing of Fort McHenry
- Became the National Anthem
-
Treaty of Ghent (December 12, 1814):
- Ended the War of 1812
-
Battle of New Orleans:
- Underdog victory for the U.S.
- Made General Andrew Jackson a national hero
Highlight: The War of 1812, despite its challenges, ultimately fostered American nationalism and pride.
Monroe's Era and the Growth of Nationalism
The presidency of James Monroe, known as the "Era of Good Feelings," saw the growth of American nationalism and territorial expansion:
- Key Supreme Court Cases:
- Gibbons v. Ogden
- McCulloch v. Maryland
These cases strengthened federal power and promoted national unity.
-
Adams-Onis Treaty:
- Expanded U.S. territory
-
Monroe Doctrine:
- Asserted U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere
-
Missouri Compromise:
- Addressed the issue of slavery in new territories
-
Henry Clay:
- Influential political figure who promoted the "American System"
Vocabulary: Nationalism - A sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups.
This era saw the United States consolidate its position as a growing power, both domestically and on the international stage.
Election of 1796 and Adams' Presidency
The Election of 1796 marked a significant moment in American political history. John Adams, running as a Federalist, narrowly won the presidency by just three electoral votes over Thomas Jefferson. This election's significance lies in its unique outcome:
Highlight: The runner-up, Thomas Jefferson, became the Vice President due to the electoral system at the time.
Adams' presidency faced several challenges, particularly in foreign affairs:
-
XYZ Affair:
- Adams sent officials to France to avoid war.
- French agents, labeled X, Y, and Z, attempted to bribe the Americans.
- This led to an undeclared "Quasi War" with France.
-
Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798:
- The Alien Act allowed the President to imprison or deport foreign citizens in the U.S.
- The Sedition Act made it illegal to criticize government officials without proof.
Definition: The Sedition Act was used by Federalists to silence their Republican opponents.
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions:
- These resolutions argued that states could judge the constitutionality of federal laws.
- They declared the Sedition Act unconstitutional, introducing the concept of nullification.
The Election of 1800 resulted in an electoral tie, leading to the passage of the Twelfth Amendment, which separated ballots for President and Vice President.
Vocabulary: Nullification - The theory that states have the right to nullify federal laws they deem unconstitutional.
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4.8/5
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Who Won the 1796 Election? Discover John Adams and Thomas Jefferson's Historic Battle
The election of 1796 saw John Adams narrowly defeat Thomas Jefferson, with the latter becoming Vice President. This election highlighted the need for electoral reform. Adams faced foreign policy challenges, including the XYZ Affair and the controversial Alien and... Show more
Jefferson's Presidency and Domestic Changes
Thomas Jefferson's presidency focused on reducing the size and scope of the federal government:
- Domestic Policy:
- Cut taxes
- Reduced the federal bureaucracy
- Decreased the army from 12,000 to 3,000
- Advocated for free trade
These policies made Jefferson very popular, leading to his easy re-election.
- Judicial Developments:
- Chief Justice John Marshall, a Federalist, strengthened the Supreme Court and federal government.
- Marbury v. Madison established judicial review.
Definition: Judicial Review - The power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws.
-
Louisiana Purchase (1803):
- Doubled the size of the United States
- Cost $15 million
- Increased national debt
-
Lewis and Clark Expedition:
- Hired Sacajawea as interpreter and guide
- Goals included contacting Native Americans, gathering information on natural resources, and finding river routes to the Pacific
-
Embargo Act of 1807:
- Outlawed almost all trade with Britain and France
- Unpopular among Americans due to economic losses
Example: The Embargo Act's unpopularity led to a decline in Jefferson's popularity towards the end of his presidency.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Madison's Presidency and the War of 1812
James Madison, the 4th president and a Republican, faced significant challenges during his tenure, primarily the War of 1812:
-
Reasons for War:
- British harassment at sea (impressment)
- British aid to rebellious Native Americans
-
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811):
- Conflict between Shawnee led by Tecumseh and U.S. military under General William Henry Harrison
- Harrison became a war hero
- Discovery of British guns used by Shawnee pushed U.S. towards war with Britain
-
War of 1812 Events:
- Failed attacks on Canada
- Limited naval successes
- Burning of the White House by British forces
Quote: "The War of 1812 gave Americans a sense of pride; entered feel good era."
-
Star-Spangled Banner:
- Written by Francis Scott Key during the bombing of Fort McHenry
- Became the National Anthem
-
Treaty of Ghent (December 12, 1814):
- Ended the War of 1812
-
Battle of New Orleans:
- Underdog victory for the U.S.
- Made General Andrew Jackson a national hero
Highlight: The War of 1812, despite its challenges, ultimately fostered American nationalism and pride.
Monroe's Era and the Growth of Nationalism
The presidency of James Monroe, known as the "Era of Good Feelings," saw the growth of American nationalism and territorial expansion:
- Key Supreme Court Cases:
- Gibbons v. Ogden
- McCulloch v. Maryland
These cases strengthened federal power and promoted national unity.
-
Adams-Onis Treaty:
- Expanded U.S. territory
-
Monroe Doctrine:
- Asserted U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere
-
Missouri Compromise:
- Addressed the issue of slavery in new territories
-
Henry Clay:
- Influential political figure who promoted the "American System"
Vocabulary: Nationalism - A sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups.
This era saw the United States consolidate its position as a growing power, both domestically and on the international stage.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Election of 1796 and Adams' Presidency
The Election of 1796 marked a significant moment in American political history. John Adams, running as a Federalist, narrowly won the presidency by just three electoral votes over Thomas Jefferson. This election's significance lies in its unique outcome:
Highlight: The runner-up, Thomas Jefferson, became the Vice President due to the electoral system at the time.
Adams' presidency faced several challenges, particularly in foreign affairs:
-
XYZ Affair:
- Adams sent officials to France to avoid war.
- French agents, labeled X, Y, and Z, attempted to bribe the Americans.
- This led to an undeclared "Quasi War" with France.
-
Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798:
- The Alien Act allowed the President to imprison or deport foreign citizens in the U.S.
- The Sedition Act made it illegal to criticize government officials without proof.
Definition: The Sedition Act was used by Federalists to silence their Republican opponents.
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions:
- These resolutions argued that states could judge the constitutionality of federal laws.
- They declared the Sedition Act unconstitutional, introducing the concept of nullification.
The Election of 1800 resulted in an electoral tie, leading to the passage of the Twelfth Amendment, which separated ballots for President and Vice President.
Vocabulary: Nullification - The theory that states have the right to nullify federal laws they deem unconstitutional.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user