APUSH Unit 5 Review: Manifest Destiny, Westward Expansion, and Slavery Impact

Slavery and Territorial Politics

This section examines various political positions on slavery's expansion into new territories.

Definition: The Wilmot Proviso apush definition refers to the failed proposal to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico.

The Free Soil Party's position:

• Opposed slavery's expansion while accepting its existence in current slave states
• Viewed slavery as an economic rather than moral issue
• Advocated for white labor rights

Highlight: Popular sovereignty emerged as a compromise solution, allowing states to decide the slavery question themselves.

The Fugitive Slave laws created significant tension:

Vocabulary: The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required Northern states to return escaped slaves and denied accused fugitives the right to testify.

Political Developments and Conflicts

The Kansas-Nebraska Act and its consequences marked a crucial turning point in sectional tensions.

Definition: Border Ruffians were pro-slavery militants who crossed into Kansas to influence its slave status.

The Know-Nothing Party emerged as a significant political force:

Highlight: This nativist movement opposed immigration, particularly targeting German and Irish immigrants.

The Dred Scott case had far-reaching implications:

Example: Dred Scott sued for freedom based on his residence in free territories, leading to a landmark Supreme Court decision.

Quote: The ruling declared that Black people couldn't hold national citizenship, significantly impacting civil rights.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act and Political Turmoil

Page three examines the Kansas-Nebraska Act and its consequences, including the emergence of sectional conflicts and important legal precedents.

Vocabulary: Border Ruffians - pro-slavery militants who crossed into Kansas to influence its slave status.

Highlight: The Know-Nothing party emerged as an anti-immigrant, nativist movement primarily supported by northern Protestant whites.

Example: The Dred Scott case became a pivotal legal battle over slavery's status in free territories.

Anti-Slavery Movement and Civil War Origins

Page four covers the growing anti-slavery movement and the events leading to the Civil War.

Highlight: "Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriet Beecher Stowe significantly influenced public opinion about slavery.

Example: John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry represented the increasing militancy of the abolitionist movement.

Definition: The Republican Party emerged as a coalition opposing slavery's expansion into new territories.

Civil War Strategies and Turning Points

Page five details the military and political strategies employed during the Civil War.

Vocabulary: Anaconda Plan - Union strategy to economically strangle the Confederacy through naval blockade and control of the Mississippi River.

Highlight: The Emancipation Proclamation transformed the war's purpose from preservation of the Union to include ending slavery.

Westward Expansion and Manifest Destiny

This section details America's territorial growth and the concept of manifest destiny apush significance. The expansion was driven by multiple factors including land acquisition, mineral wealth, and religious freedom.

Definition: Manifest destiny was the belief that America had a divine right to expand across the continent.

Example: The California Gold Rush exemplified how mineral wealth drove westward migration.

Highlight: The Preemption Acts enabled middle-class settlers to legally claim land they were already occupying.

The James K Polk apush presidency was crucial in territorial expansion, particularly regarding:

Vocabulary: "Fifty-four Forty or Fight" - A campaign slogan referring to the northern boundary dispute with British Canada.

The Mexican American War and its aftermath significantly shaped American territory:

Quote: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established the Rio Grande as Texas's border and resulted in the Mexican Cession.