Early American Republic and Its Challenges
The early American Republic underwent significant transformations under Jefferson's presidency and beyond. The period was marked by crucial political, territorial, and judicial developments that shaped the nation's future.
Definition: The Revolution of 1800 represented the first peaceful transfer of power between opposing political parties in American history, with Democratic-Republicans defeating the Federalists.
Highlight: The Marbury v. Madison case established judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to determine the constitutionality of laws.
Example: The Louisiana Purchase exemplified Jefferson's pragmatic approach to governance, despite his strict constructionist views of the Constitution.
Vocabulary: Impressment - The British practice of forcibly recruiting American sailors into their navy, a major source of international tension.
Quote: The Embargo Act of 1807 was described as "peaceful coercion," though it ultimately proved more damaging to American interests than to its intended European targets.
The chapter also covers significant military conflicts, including the Tripolitan War and the Battle of Tippecanoe, which demonstrated America's growing military capabilities and the complex relationships with Native American tribes. The period concluded with mounting tensions leading to the War of 1812, marking America's emergence as a respected international power.