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12/26/2023
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*bring a calculator 4.1 Species, communities and ecosystems 4.2 Energy flow 4.3 Ecology Study of the relationship between living organisms their environment Population Group of organism same species in same area Ecosystem Community and its abiotic environment Ways organisms get nutrients Autotrophs Heterotrophs Create their own nutrients Heterotroph examples Saprotrophs Chi squared Gets nutrients from other organisms Detritivores (adentro-inner) Mesocosms Both eat dead inorganic matter External mode of digestion Both eat dead inorganic matter Internal mode of digestion determine if a difference between observed data and expected data is due to chance, or if it is due to a relationship between the variables you are studying Closed systems Sunlight can still enter understand impacts of multiple stressors on an ecosystem Work with food webs Work with food chains Interpret diagram Usually only about 4-5 trophic levels because about 90% of energy is lost per trophic levels and about 10% is transferred Arrows represent energy flow Fluxs Carbon cycle 4.4 Climate change Sinks Oceans The movement of carbon Combustion When we burn fossil fuels we move carbon from fossil fuels to the atmosphere Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and fixes it in producers as organic compounds Respiration releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere Hold carbon Peat, coal, oil, gas, limestone Dissolve carbon (co2) Co2 becomes carbonic acid when in comes in contact with water Decreases ph Fluctuation in co2 levels Due to seasons More photosynthesis during spring and summer less carbon 2 gasses that contribute the most to warming effect due to abundance Carbon Lingers for years Water vapor Methane has biggest impact but such low quantity we dont worry Atmospheric co2 and global temperatures By adding more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, people are supercharging the natural greenhouse effect, causing global temperature...
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to rise. Greenhouse effect heat is trapped close to Earth's surface by "greenhouse gasses." Ocean acidification "" More co2 less carbonate ions as they go down when co2 dissolves Carbonate ions are used to make shells and reefs Process of energy flowing marine food chain Most significant greenhouse gases What does chi squared show Source of carbon for marine life that isn't digested Which has more carbon Why are trophic levels no more than 4/5 2 causes for lower biomass in high trophic levels Different species living together is... Adverse effect of low ph in water Bleaching of coral reefs Temperature Carbonate ions Energy enters when algae trap light energy during photosynthesis. They change the light energy into glucose, which then moves through the community as different organisms eat each other. Some energy is stored through fossilisation, while most of it is lost through heat. Carbon and water vapour Determine if a difference between observed data and expected data is due to chance, or if it is due to a relationship between the variables you are studying Carbon ions Crustacia Usually only about 4-5 trophic levels because about 90% of energy is lost per trophic levels and about 10% is transferred Excretion and respiration Answer is community Acid-sensitive organisms cannot tolerate low ph Acidification can release toxic metals from soils into the water