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Cool Music Theory: Cadences, Keys, and Tempo Markings Explained!

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Alanna Bell

8/9/2023

Music

Music Theory Review

Cool Music Theory: Cadences, Keys, and Tempo Markings Explained!

I apologize, but I don't see a transcript provided to summarize. To generate an accurate and helpful summary of content, I would need the actual transcript or source material to analyze. Once you share the transcript, I can create a clear summary that:

  • Explains key musical concepts in student-friendly language
  • Highlights relevant keywords about music theory, cadences, keys, and tempo
  • Provides in-depth explanations rather than quick tips
  • Follows the formatting requirements with markdown
  • Includes 2-3 comprehensive paragraphs covering the main points
  • Meets the 300+ word length requirement

Please share the transcript you'd like me to summarize and I'll be happy to help create an educational summary following all the specified guidelines.

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8/9/2023

224

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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Understanding Music Theory Fundamentals

Music theory provides the foundation for understanding how music works. The basic building blocks include scales, intervals, chords, and progressions that create the framework for musical composition and analysis. These elements work together to create the rich tapestry of musical expression we experience.

Definition: Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music, including the understanding of musical elements like pitch, rhythm, harmony, and form.

The major and minor scales form the basis of Western music theory. Each scale has a unique pattern of whole steps and half steps that give it its characteristic sound. Understanding relative major and minor keys helps musicians recognize the relationship between scales and their emotional qualities.

Musical elements work together in specific ways to create coherent compositions. Scale degrees have specific names and functions: Tonic 1st1st, Super-Tonic 2nd2nd, Mediant 3rd3rd, Sub-Dominant 4th4th, Dominant 5th5th, Submediant 6th6th, and Leading Tone 7th7th. These scale degrees form the backbone of harmony and melody.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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Essential Music Theory Cadences

Music theory cadences explained are crucial for understanding how musical phrases end and create resolution or tension. Cadences act as musical punctuation marks, helping to define sections and create emotional effects in music.

Example: Perfect Authentic Cadence PACPAC moves from V to I without inversions, creating the strongest sense of resolution, like a musical period at the end of a sentence.

Different types of cadences serve various musical purposes:

  • Imperfect Authentic Cadence IACIAC: Uses V or viidimdim to I with inversions allowed
  • Half Cadence: Ends on V, creating suspension
  • Deceptive Cadence: Moves from V to vi/VI, surprising the listener
  • Plagal Cadence: Moves from iv/IV to I, often heard in sacred music
  • Phrygian Cadence: Uses iv6 to V, common in modal music
Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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Tempo and Musical Expression

Tempo markings and their meanings in music theory provide essential guidance for musical performance and interpretation. These Italian terms indicate not just speed but also the character and mood of the music.

Vocabulary: Common tempo markings include:

  • Largo veryslowandbroadvery slow and broad
  • Andante walkingpacewalking pace
  • Moderato moderatespeedmoderate speed
  • Allegro fastandbrightfast and bright
  • Presto veryfastvery fast

Understanding tempo helps musicians convey the composer's intended emotional expression. Tempo markings often include modifiers that provide additional information about the musical character, such as "con brio" withvigorwith vigor or "cantabile" inasingingstylein a singing style.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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Advanced Musical Concepts

The integration of scales, modes, and harmony creates the complex language of music. Each mode Ionian,Dorian,Phrygian,Lydian,Mixolydian,Aeolian,andLocrianIonian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, and Locrian has its unique character and emotional quality.

Highlight: Modal harmony extends beyond traditional major/minor tonality, offering composers additional tools for expression and color in their compositions.

These advanced concepts build upon basic theory principles to create more sophisticated musical expressions. Understanding modal relationships helps musicians navigate between different tonal centers and create more varied harmonic progressions. The interaction between modes and traditional harmony continues to evolve in contemporary music.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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LYC. C
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View

Understanding Musical Cadences and Their Structures

A thorough understanding of cadences is fundamental to Music theory cadences explained. Cadences serve as musical punctuation marks, creating resolution and structure within compositions. The four main types of cadential structures each have distinct characteristics and functions.

The Cadential 6/4 progression follows a specific pattern of I6/4 - V - I or V6/4 - V5/3 - I, typically featuring a so-so-do movement in the bass voice. This creates a strong sense of finality and is often used at significant structural points in musical pieces. The Arpeggiated 6/4 takes a different approach with a do-so-do bass movement, creating a more flowing effect.

Passing and Pedal 6/4 cadences serve unique musical functions. The Passing 6/4 features opposing stepwise motion between bass and soprano voices, creating what's known as voice exchange. This can follow either a mi-re-do or la-ti-do pattern in the bass. The Pedal 6/4 maintains a constant bass note throughout the progression, typically following an I - IV6/4 - I pattern with do-do-do in the bass.

Definition: A cadence is a melodic or harmonic configuration that creates a sense of resolution or pause in music. The term "6/4" refers to a specific chord inversion where the fifth of the chord is in the bass.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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Secondary Dominants and Voice Leading

Secondary dominants represent a sophisticated aspect of harmonic progression, adding color and direction to musical passages. The characteristic fa-fi-so movement parallels the familiar la-ti-do progression, creating temporary tonal centers that enhance harmonic interest.

The V/V to V progression is particularly important in understanding secondary dominants. This progression creates a strong pull toward the dominant chord, temporarily treating it as a local tonic. When featured in the soprano voice, this movement becomes especially prominent and effective.

These harmonic devices serve to create forward momentum and add sophistication to musical compositions. The careful use of secondary dominants can transform simple progressions into more complex and engaging musical statements.

Example: In the key of C major, the secondary dominant of G V/VV/V would be D major, creating a progression from D to G before resolving to C.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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Tempo Markings and Their Meanings in Music Theory

Musical tempo markings provide essential guidance for performance speed and character. These Italian terms range from very slow GraveGrave to exceptionally fast PrestoPresto, each with specific beats per minute BPMBPM ranges and characteristic expressions.

The slow tempo category includes Grave 2545BPM25-45 BPM, Largo 4060BPM40-60 BPM, Lento 4560BPM45-60 BPM, and Adagio 6676BPM66-76 BPM. Medium tempos encompass Andante "walking"speed,76108BPM"walking" speed, 76-108 BPM, Moderato 108120BPM108-120 BPM, and Allegretto 112120BPM112-120 BPM. The fast category features Allegro 120156BPM120-156 BPM, Vivace 156176BPM156-176 BPM, and Presto 168200BPM168-200 BPM.

Vocabulary: Tempo markings not only indicate speed but also suggest the character and mood of the music. For example, "Grave" implies both a very slow tempo and a serious, solemn character.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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Understanding Relative Major and Minor Keys

The relationship between major and minor keys forms a crucial concept in music theory. Each major key has a relative minor key that shares the same key signature, creating a fundamental connection in Western music.

The pattern of relative keys follows a consistent structure: the relative minor is always three half steps below its major counterpart. For example, C major pairs with A minor nosharpsorflatsno sharps or flats, while G major pairs with E minor onesharpone sharp. This relationship continues through all key signatures, from seven flats to seven sharps.

Understanding these relationships is essential for composition, modulation, and analysis. The circle of fifths helps organize these relationships, showing how C#/A# sevensharpsseven sharps and Cb/Ab sevenflatsseven flats represent enharmonic extremes of the system.

Highlight: The relative minor key always starts three semitones below its major counterpart and shares exactly the same key signature. This relationship is fundamental to understanding key relationships in Western music.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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Understanding Syncopation in Music Theory

Syncopation is a fundamental rhythmic concept that adds excitement and complexity to musical compositions by deliberately disrupting the expected rhythmic pattern. When notes are tied together across strong and weak beats, they create an off-beat feeling that characterizes syncopated rhythms.

Definition: Syncopation occurs when musical emphasis or accents are placed on weak beats or off-beats, contrary to the normal strong-weak pattern of standard meter.

In traditional music theory, beats are organized into measures with alternating strong and weak pulses. For example, in 4/4 time signature, beat 1 is typically the strongest, beat 3 is moderately strong, while beats 2 and 4 are considered weak. Syncopation deliberately places emphasis on these traditionally weak beats, creating rhythmic tension and forward momentum in the music.

Musicians achieve syncopation through various techniques, including tied notes across bar lines, accented off-beats, and displaced rhythmic patterns. For instance, in a 4/4 measure, instead of emphasizing beats 1 and 3, a syncopated pattern might stress the "and" counts between beats, creating a groove that feels both unexpected and engaging. This technique is particularly prevalent in jazz, Latin music, and contemporary pop styles.

Example: In 4/4 time: Standard rhythm: ONE-two-THREE-four Syncopated rhythm: one-TWO-three-FOUR Or even more complex: one-and-TWO-and-THREE-and-four-AND

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Music

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Aug 9, 2023

36 pages

Cool Music Theory: Cadences, Keys, and Tempo Markings Explained!

user profile picture

Alanna Bell

@alanna_banana

I apologize, but I don't see a transcript provided to summarize. To generate an accurate and helpful summary of content, I would need the actual transcript or source material to analyze. Once you share the transcript, I can create a... Show more

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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LYC. C
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М
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Understanding Music Theory Fundamentals

Music theory provides the foundation for understanding how music works. The basic building blocks include scales, intervals, chords, and progressions that create the framework for musical composition and analysis. These elements work together to create the rich tapestry of musical expression we experience.

Definition: Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music, including the understanding of musical elements like pitch, rhythm, harmony, and form.

The major and minor scales form the basis of Western music theory. Each scale has a unique pattern of whole steps and half steps that give it its characteristic sound. Understanding relative major and minor keys helps musicians recognize the relationship between scales and their emotional qualities.

Musical elements work together in specific ways to create coherent compositions. Scale degrees have specific names and functions: Tonic 1st1st, Super-Tonic 2nd2nd, Mediant 3rd3rd, Sub-Dominant 4th4th, Dominant 5th5th, Submediant 6th6th, and Leading Tone 7th7th. These scale degrees form the backbone of harmony and melody.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
UE IUO-
i
a
ri
a
n
PELY O). C
LYC. C
h
r
y
g
!
a
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M. x O-
М
!
X
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Essential Music Theory Cadences

Music theory cadences explained are crucial for understanding how musical phrases end and create resolution or tension. Cadences act as musical punctuation marks, helping to define sections and create emotional effects in music.

Example: Perfect Authentic Cadence PACPAC moves from V to I without inversions, creating the strongest sense of resolution, like a musical period at the end of a sentence.

Different types of cadences serve various musical purposes:

  • Imperfect Authentic Cadence IACIAC: Uses V or viidimdim to I with inversions allowed
  • Half Cadence: Ends on V, creating suspension
  • Deceptive Cadence: Moves from V to vi/VI, surprising the listener
  • Plagal Cadence: Moves from iv/IV to I, often heard in sacred music
  • Phrygian Cadence: Uses iv6 to V, common in modal music
Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
UE IUO-
i
a
ri
a
n
PELY O). C
LYC. C
h
r
y
g
!
a
n
y
d
i
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M. x O-
М
!
X
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i
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Tempo and Musical Expression

Tempo markings and their meanings in music theory provide essential guidance for musical performance and interpretation. These Italian terms indicate not just speed but also the character and mood of the music.

Vocabulary: Common tempo markings include:

  • Largo veryslowandbroadvery slow and broad
  • Andante walkingpacewalking pace
  • Moderato moderatespeedmoderate speed
  • Allegro fastandbrightfast and bright
  • Presto veryfastvery fast

Understanding tempo helps musicians convey the composer's intended emotional expression. Tempo markings often include modifiers that provide additional information about the musical character, such as "con brio" withvigorwith vigor or "cantabile" inasingingstylein a singing style.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
UE IUO-
i
a
ri
a
n
PELY O). C
LYC. C
h
r
y
g
!
a
n
y
d
i
a
n
M. x O-
М
!
X
|
y
i
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UE
n
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Advanced Musical Concepts

The integration of scales, modes, and harmony creates the complex language of music. Each mode Ionian,Dorian,Phrygian,Lydian,Mixolydian,Aeolian,andLocrianIonian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, and Locrian has its unique character and emotional quality.

Highlight: Modal harmony extends beyond traditional major/minor tonality, offering composers additional tools for expression and color in their compositions.

These advanced concepts build upon basic theory principles to create more sophisticated musical expressions. Understanding modal relationships helps musicians navigate between different tonal centers and create more varied harmonic progressions. The interaction between modes and traditional harmony continues to evolve in contemporary music.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
UE IUO-
i
a
ri
a
n
PELY O). C
LYC. C
h
r
y
g
!
a
n
y
d
i
a
n
M. x O-
М
!
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i
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Understanding Musical Cadences and Their Structures

A thorough understanding of cadences is fundamental to Music theory cadences explained. Cadences serve as musical punctuation marks, creating resolution and structure within compositions. The four main types of cadential structures each have distinct characteristics and functions.

The Cadential 6/4 progression follows a specific pattern of I6/4 - V - I or V6/4 - V5/3 - I, typically featuring a so-so-do movement in the bass voice. This creates a strong sense of finality and is often used at significant structural points in musical pieces. The Arpeggiated 6/4 takes a different approach with a do-so-do bass movement, creating a more flowing effect.

Passing and Pedal 6/4 cadences serve unique musical functions. The Passing 6/4 features opposing stepwise motion between bass and soprano voices, creating what's known as voice exchange. This can follow either a mi-re-do or la-ti-do pattern in the bass. The Pedal 6/4 maintains a constant bass note throughout the progression, typically following an I - IV6/4 - I pattern with do-do-do in the bass.

Definition: A cadence is a melodic or harmonic configuration that creates a sense of resolution or pause in music. The term "6/4" refers to a specific chord inversion where the fifth of the chord is in the bass.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
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Secondary Dominants and Voice Leading

Secondary dominants represent a sophisticated aspect of harmonic progression, adding color and direction to musical passages. The characteristic fa-fi-so movement parallels the familiar la-ti-do progression, creating temporary tonal centers that enhance harmonic interest.

The V/V to V progression is particularly important in understanding secondary dominants. This progression creates a strong pull toward the dominant chord, temporarily treating it as a local tonic. When featured in the soprano voice, this movement becomes especially prominent and effective.

These harmonic devices serve to create forward momentum and add sophistication to musical compositions. The careful use of secondary dominants can transform simple progressions into more complex and engaging musical statements.

Example: In the key of C major, the secondary dominant of G V/VV/V would be D major, creating a progression from D to G before resolving to C.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
UE IUO-
i
a
ri
a
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PELY O). C
LYC. C
h
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y
g
!
a
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M. x O-
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X
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Tempo Markings and Their Meanings in Music Theory

Musical tempo markings provide essential guidance for performance speed and character. These Italian terms range from very slow GraveGrave to exceptionally fast PrestoPresto, each with specific beats per minute BPMBPM ranges and characteristic expressions.

The slow tempo category includes Grave 2545BPM25-45 BPM, Largo 4060BPM40-60 BPM, Lento 4560BPM45-60 BPM, and Adagio 6676BPM66-76 BPM. Medium tempos encompass Andante "walking"speed,76108BPM"walking" speed, 76-108 BPM, Moderato 108120BPM108-120 BPM, and Allegretto 112120BPM112-120 BPM. The fast category features Allegro 120156BPM120-156 BPM, Vivace 156176BPM156-176 BPM, and Presto 168200BPM168-200 BPM.

Vocabulary: Tempo markings not only indicate speed but also suggest the character and mood of the music. For example, "Grave" implies both a very slow tempo and a serious, solemn character.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
UE IUO-
i
a
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PELY O). C
LYC. C
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Understanding Relative Major and Minor Keys

The relationship between major and minor keys forms a crucial concept in music theory. Each major key has a relative minor key that shares the same key signature, creating a fundamental connection in Western music.

The pattern of relative keys follows a consistent structure: the relative minor is always three half steps below its major counterpart. For example, C major pairs with A minor nosharpsorflatsno sharps or flats, while G major pairs with E minor onesharpone sharp. This relationship continues through all key signatures, from seven flats to seven sharps.

Understanding these relationships is essential for composition, modulation, and analysis. The circle of fifths helps organize these relationships, showing how C#/A# sevensharpsseven sharps and Cb/Ab sevenflatsseven flats represent enharmonic extremes of the system.

Highlight: The relative minor key always starts three semitones below its major counterpart and shares exactly the same key signature. This relationship is fundamental to understanding key relationships in Western music.

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
UE IUO-
i
a
ri
a
n
PELY O). C
LYC. C
h
r
y
g
!
a
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M. x O-
М
!
X
|
y
i
a
UE
n
AGOI_C
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e
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Understanding Syncopation in Music Theory

Syncopation is a fundamental rhythmic concept that adds excitement and complexity to musical compositions by deliberately disrupting the expected rhythmic pattern. When notes are tied together across strong and weak beats, they create an off-beat feeling that characterizes syncopated rhythms.

Definition: Syncopation occurs when musical emphasis or accents are placed on weak beats or off-beats, contrary to the normal strong-weak pattern of standard meter.

In traditional music theory, beats are organized into measures with alternating strong and weak pulses. For example, in 4/4 time signature, beat 1 is typically the strongest, beat 3 is moderately strong, while beats 2 and 4 are considered weak. Syncopation deliberately places emphasis on these traditionally weak beats, creating rhythmic tension and forward momentum in the music.

Musicians achieve syncopation through various techniques, including tied notes across bar lines, accented off-beats, and displaced rhythmic patterns. For instance, in a 4/4 measure, instead of emphasizing beats 1 and 3, a syncopated pattern might stress the "and" counts between beats, creating a groove that feels both unexpected and engaging. This technique is particularly prevalent in jazz, Latin music, and contemporary pop styles.

Example: In 4/4 time: Standard rhythm: ONE-two-THREE-four Syncopated rhythm: one-TWO-three-FOUR Or even more complex: one-and-TWO-and-THREE-and-four-AND

Music Theory Review HMMM HMM
UE IUO-
i
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a
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LYC. C
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!
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M. x O-
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Practical Applications of Syncopation

Understanding and mastering syncopation opens up numerous possibilities for musical expression and composition. In ensemble playing, syncopated rhythms create interesting interplay between different instruments, adding depth and sophistication to the overall musical texture.

Highlight: Syncopation is essential in many musical styles, including:

  • Jazz and swing music
  • Latin and Caribbean rhythms
  • Modern pop and rock
  • Hip-hop and electronic music

When practicing syncopation, musicians should start with simple patterns and gradually increase complexity. A common exercise involves clapping the basic beat with one hand while tapping syncopated rhythms with the other. This helps develop the independence needed to maintain steady time while executing off-beat patterns.

The emotional impact of syncopation cannot be understated. It creates a sense of forward motion, excitement, and unpredictability that can transform a simple melody into something much more engaging. Composers throughout history have used syncopation to add interest to their works, from classical pieces to modern chart-topping hits.

Vocabulary: Key terms for understanding syncopation:

  • Off-beat: Notes played between main beats
  • Tied notes: Notes connected across beats or bar lines
  • Cross-rhythm: Multiple conflicting rhythmic patterns
  • Groove: The rhythmic feel created by syncopated patterns

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I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

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Elisha

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Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️

Thomas R

iOS user

Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!

Paul T

iOS user