Post-War Developments and the Era of Good Feelings
The period following the War of 1812 saw significant political, economic, and social developments in the United States. This era, often referred to as the "Era of Good Feelings," was characterized by a sense of national unity and progress.
Several key events and policies shaped this period:
- The Missouri Compromise of 1820, which addressed the issue of slavery in new states.
- The Monroe Doctrine of 1823, asserting American dominance in the Western Hemisphere.
- The election of John Quincy Adams in 1824, marking the end of the Era of Good Feelings.
- The Second Great Awakening, a religious revival movement that began around 1825.
Definition: The Missouri Compromise was an agreement that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, balanced by the admission of Maine as a free state, and prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30' parallel.
The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, made several landmark decisions during this period:
- McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), which affirmed the federal government's right to establish a national bank.
- Cohens v. Virginia (1821) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), which strengthened federal power over the states.
Quote: "The power to tax involves the power to destroy," - Chief Justice John Marshall in McCulloch v. Maryland.
The Monroe Doctrine, issued by President James Monroe in 1823, was a significant foreign policy statement. It declared that the Western Hemisphere was closed to further European colonization and asserted America's role as a hemispheric power.
Highlight: The Monroe Doctrine established the United States as a protector of the Western Hemisphere and marked a significant step in American foreign policy.
The Second Great Awakening, a religious revival movement, began around 1825 and had far-reaching social impacts. It led to increased religious fervor, the growth of Baptist and Methodist churches, and sparked various reform movements.
Example: The Second Great Awakening inspired the temperance movement and prison reform efforts in the 1830s and beyond.