Alternative transcript:

until 1861 "Bully" Brooks and His Bludgeon O Senator Charles Sumner (MA) was a leading abolitionist ■ Speech "The Crime Against Kansas", condemned proslavery and insulted South Carolina Congressman Preston S. Brooks (SC) beat Sumner at his Senate desk Resigned and Sumner was forced to leave his seat in the Senate Free-soil North rallied against Brooks ● O "Old Buck" Versus "The Pathfinder" 1 O O O Know-Nothing party nominated Millard Fillmore O The Electoral Fruits of 1856 Democrats nominated James Buchanan for President Captain John C. Frémont nominated for Republican candidate O ■ Antiforeign and anti-Catholic The Dred Scott Bombshell O O Dred Scott v. Stanford (1857) O Buchanan won the election of 1856 O ■ O The Financial Crash of 1857 ■ Dred Scott, a black slave, sued for freedom because he had long-time residence on free soil O Financial panic in 1857 Frémont lost because of doubts about his honesty, capacity, and judgment Southerners threatened to secede if Frémont won ■ ■ Supreme Court ruled that he was a slave and could not sue in federal court Chief Justice Taney led the case further ● ■ Majority of Court agreed that slave was private property and could be taken anywhere Missouri Compromise had been repealed North was hit the hardest South was not affected much 1860 - Congress passed a homestead act ■ Made public lands available at a sum of twenty-five cents an acre Vetoed by President Buchanan ■ California gold inflated the currency Crimean War overstimulated grain Frenzied speculation in land and railroads Congress enacted Tariff of 1857 An Illinois Rail-Splitter Emerges Lowered duties to 20% to respond to pressures from South O Illinois senatorial election of 1858 Democrat Douglas vs. Republican Lincoln The Great Debate: Lincoln Versus Douglas Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates (Lincoln-Douglas debates) Freeport, IL Debate ● Lincoln asked whether the people or the Court could vote slavery down Douglas's response to the Freeport question: "Freeport Doctrine" No matter how the Supreme Court ruled, popular sovereignty would prevail O O Douglas defeated Lincoln John Brown: Murderer or Martyr? O Brown schemed to invade the South secretly with followers and call the slaves to rise 2 ➤ O The Disruption of the Democrats ■ O O O Presidential election of 1860 ■ A Rail-Splitter Splits the Union O O Lincoln nominated for Republican candidate The Electoral Upheaval of 1860 Killed innocent people at Harpers Ferry Convicted of murder and treason Brown was an insane individual O Lincoln won presidential election The Secessionist Exodus O Democrats met in Charleston, SC Southerners regarded Douglas as a traitor and walked out Democrats met again in Baltimore ● Douglas Democrats nominated Douglas, and southerners walked out again Favored popular sovereignty and was against obstruction of Fugitive Slave Law ■ Southern Democrats organized a rival convention in Baltimore ● Selected John C. Breckinridge as their leader Favored extension of slavery into territories and annexation of Cuba Organization of the Constitutional Union party ("Do Nothing" or "Old Gentleman's" party) ● Nominated John Bell South Carolina voted to secede in December 1860 Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas joined ■ Four more joined later Seceding states met in Montgomery, Alabama in February 1861 and created the Confederate States of America ■ ■ Farewell to Union Chose Jefferson Davis as their president President Buchanan did nothing to stop the seceders before Lincoln could take office The Collapse of Compromise ■ Senator James Henry Crittenden proposed amendments to the Constitution (Crittenden amendments) Slavery was to be prohibited in territories north of 36° 30', but given federal protection south Lincoln rejected this, all hope of compromise was gone Self-determination appealed to the southerners Did not think they were immoral for seceding 3