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latitude and longitude. ↳ Effects of European entry into the New World •The Columbian Exchange •European population growth. •Native American population loss due to labor, enslavement, war, disease, etc. حا L> In the centuries following Columbus' landfall, as many as 90% of the Native Americans perished from diseases, enslavement, and armed aggression. The Columbian Exchange Europe Received= •Food-Corn, potatoes, pineapples, tomatoes, tobacco, beans, vanilla, and chocolate •Animals - Turkeys, Buffalo, Rattlesnakes, and raccoons •Disease = Syphilis New World Received= • Food Wheat, Sugar, rice, Coffee, Barley, Citrus, fruit, and tea. •Animals - Horses, cows, pigs, goats, sheep, oxen, cats •Disease - Smallpox, Measles, typhus, bubonic plaque, influenza Scarlet fever, and Malaria. •Religion - Christianity → Catholicism + protestant -Weapons and Tools - Swords, guns, iron tools. When Europeans first arrived, Spain was the major kading power. • They founded Multiple Coastal towns in Centeral and South America •Prioritized Converting the Natives to Catholicism Spanish colonies- • First permanent Coloney established in 1565 LS St. Augustine, Florida •Forced labor of natives. ↳> Encomienda System = The crown granted Colonists authority over a specified number of natives; the colonist was obliged to protect those natives and Convert them to Catholicism, and in exchange, the colonist was entilted to those natives' labor for such. things as Sugar harvesting and Silver Mining. • As disease spreads the Natives began to die. This is when we see the transition into African Slaves laod labor. • Settled in St. Augustine to block other European nation's (mainly France) ambitions of taking Spain's land and to protect the Sea-lanes that led to the Caribbean. • Racial caste system due to Mixing cultures L> Europeans = At the top Mestizos → Mixed Native and European Zambos -> Mixed Africans and Natives Africans = bottom. ما •Spain's navy, the Spanish Armada, Kept other. European nations from having a hold in the New World. 1588, the English Navy defeats the Armada = French and English began colonizing the Americas Conquistadors = A conqueror, especially one of the Spanish Conquerors of Mexico and peru in the late 16th hundred. Treaty of Tordesillas = Signed by Spain and portugal in 1494, dividing the territories of the New world. Spain received Most of the territory, compensating portugal with lands in Africa and Asia. 1519-Hernán Cortés, a spanish conquistador, Captured the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. Captured it to take their wealth 1550s Juan de Sepúlveda and Bartolomé de Las Casas, proposed widly different views on the treatment. of Native Americans. But both still believed in European Superiority. #1585-> Roanoke coloney was established by Sir Walter Raleigh. However, in 1590 it vanished. Spanish Mission System = Spanish explorers Swept. through the American Southwest, determined to create Christian converts by any means necessary, including violence #1607 → First permanent English Coloney, Jamestown, was. established. 000000000