Period 2: 1607-1754

This period covers the establishment and growth of European colonies in North America, focusing on the development of distinct regional cultures and economies.

Key events include:

1. 1607: Establishment of Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in North America
2. 1619: Arrival of the first African slaves in America and the establishment of the House of Burgesses
3. 1620: Arrival of the Pilgrims in Plymouth and the signing of the Mayflower Compact
4. 1630: Founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony

Definition: The House of Burgesses was the first elected legislative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia in 1619.

This period also saw significant conflicts and social developments:

1. 1636: Pequot War
2. 1675-76: King Philip's War
3. 1676: Bacon's Rebellion
4. 1680: Pueblo Revolt

Example: Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 was an armed uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial government in Virginia, highlighting tensions between frontier settlers and the colonial elite.

The latter part of this period witnessed the expansion of British control and the beginnings of inter-colonial cooperation:

1. 1686: Formation of the Dominion of New England
2. 1733: Passage of the Molasses Act
3. 1734: Beginning of the First Great Awakening
4. 1754: Start of the Seven Years' War and the Albany Plan of Union

These events laid the groundwork for the growing tensions between the colonies and Great Britain that would eventually lead to the American Revolution.

Period 3: 1754-1800

This crucial period in the APUSH timeline encompasses the American Revolution, the founding of the United States, and the early years of the new nation.

Key events leading to the American Revolution include:

1. 1754-1763: Seven Years' War $French and Indian War in North America$
2. 1763: Proclamation of 1763, restricting colonial expansion westward
3. 1765: Stamp Act and Stamp Act Congress
4. 1767: Townshend Acts
5. 1770: Boston Massacre
6. 1773: Boston Tea Party
7. 1774: Intolerable Acts and First Continental Congress

Quote: "No taxation without representation" became a rallying cry for American colonists opposing British tax policies.

The American Revolution and its immediate aftermath:

1. 1775: Battles of Lexington and Concord, Second Continental Congress
2. 1776: Publication of Common Sense, Declaration of Independence
3. 1777: Battle of Saratoga
4. 1778: French Alliance
5. 1781: Articles of Confederation go into effect
6. 1783: Treaty of Paris ends the Revolutionary War

Highlight: The Battle of Saratoga in 1777 was a turning point in the American Revolution, leading to French support for the American cause.

The formation of the new government:

1. 1787: Constitutional Convention and Northwest Ordinance
2. 1788: Ratification of the Constitution
3. 1789: George Washington becomes the first President
4. 1791: Bill of Rights adopted, Hamilton's financial plan implemented

The 1790s saw the emergence of partisan politics and foreign policy challenges:

1. 1793: Neutrality Proclamation
2. 1794: Whiskey Rebellion and Jay's Treaty
3. 1798: XYZ Affair, Alien and Sedition Acts, Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

This period concluded with the election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800, marking the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the United States.

Period 4: 1800-1848

This period in the APUSH timeline covers the early 19th century, characterized by rapid territorial expansion, economic growth, and increasing sectional tensions.

Key developments in the early 1800s include:

1. 1800: Election of Thomas Jefferson
2. 1803: Louisiana Purchase and Marbury v. Madison decision
3. 1807: Embargo Act and introduction of the first steamboat
4. 1812-1815: War of 1812

Definition: The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803, nearly doubling the size of the young nation.

Economic and technological advancements:

1. 1791: Samuel Slater establishes the first factory in the US
2. 1793: Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin
3. 1798: Whitney develops interchangeable parts
4. 1825: Completion of the Erie Canal
5. 1837: John Deere develops the steel plow

Example: The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, revolutionized cotton production and inadvertently strengthened the institution of slavery in the South.

Political and social developments:

1. 1819: McCulloch v. Maryland decision
2. 1820: Missouri Compromise
3. 1823: Monroe Doctrine
4. 1828: Election of Andrew Jackson
5. 1830: Indian Removal Act
6. 1831: Nat Turner's Rebellion and William Lloyd Garrison starts The Liberator
7. 1832: Nullification Crisis and Bank War

Highlight: The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was a crucial agreement that maintained the balance between free and slave states in the US Senate.

Westward expansion and its consequences:

1. 1845: Beginning of the Irish Potato Famine, leading to increased immigration
2. 1846: Start of the Mexican-American War
3. 1848: End of the Mexican-American War and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

This period set the stage for the increasing sectional tensions that would eventually lead to the Civil War.

Period 5: 1844-1877 (1896)

This period in the APUSH timeline covers the lead-up to the Civil War, the war itself, and the Reconstruction era.

Key events leading to the Civil War:

1. 1844: Election of James K. Polk on a Manifest Destiny platform
2. 1846: US-British treaty splitting Oregon Territory
3. 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican-American War
4. 1850: Compromise of 1850
5. 1854: Kansas-Nebraska Act and formation of the Republican Party
6. 1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford decision
7. 1859: John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry

Vocabulary: Manifest Destiny was the 19th-century belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent.

The Civil War and its immediate aftermath:

1. 1860: Election of Abraham Lincoln and secession of South Carolina
2. 1861: Start of the Civil War at Fort Sumter
3. 1862: Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation
4. 1863: Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect, Battle of Gettysburg
5. 1865: End of the Civil War, assassination of Lincoln, 13th Amendment ratified

Quote: "A house divided against itself cannot stand." - Abraham Lincoln, 1858, referring to the division in the country over slavery.

Reconstruction and its challenges:

1. 1865: Establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau and implementation of Black Codes
2. 1866: Founding of the Ku Klux Klan
3. 1867: Military Reconstruction Act
4. 1868: 14th Amendment ratified, impeachment of President Johnson
5. 1870: Ratification of the 15th Amendment

This period saw dramatic changes in American society, politics, and constitutional law, setting the stage for the modern United States.

Period 1: 1491-1607

The first period of the APUSH timeline covers the early encounters between Europeans and Native Americans, marking the beginning of the Columbian Exchange and the Atlantic slave trade.

Highlight: The year 1492 marks a pivotal moment in world history with Columbus's arrival in the Americas.

Key events include:

1. 1492: Columbus arrives in the Americas
2. 1500s: Emergence of the Atlantic slave trade
3. 1512: Establishment of the Encomienda system
4. 1550s: De Las Casas v. De Sepúlveda debate on the treatment of Native Americans

Vocabulary: The Encomienda system was a labor system implemented by the Spanish crown in the Americas, granting colonists the right to demand tribute and forced labor from Native Americans.

These events set the stage for the complex interactions between European powers, Native Americans, and African slaves that would shape the development of the Americas in the centuries to come.