Period 1: 1491-1607 Native American Groups and European Arrival
This page provides an overview of major Native American groups and the initial European contact with the Americas.
Native American Societies
The Pueblo people in the Southwest were skilled farmers who cultivated beans, squash, and maize using advanced irrigation techniques. They constructed impressive cliff dwellings using hard clay bricks.
Example: The Pueblo's cliff dwellings demonstrate their architectural prowess and adaptation to their environment.
Northwest and Pacific Coast tribes like the Chumash and Chinooks established permanent settlements in large villages. They engaged in regional trade and benefited from an abundance of fish.
The Mississippi Waterways People in the Midwest were farmers who took advantage of rich soil. They had a hierarchical society led by chieftains and engaged in trade.
Highlight: The diversity of Native American societies showcases their adaptability to different environments and resources.
European Arrival
New maritime technology enabled European exploration. Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain's Ferdinand and Isabella, sought wealth in his voyages to the Americas.
Vocabulary: Joint Stock Company - A business entity where investors pool money to fund exploration and colonization efforts.
The Columbian Exchange began, transferring plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
Example: Potatoes, tomatoes, and maize were introduced to Europe, while wheat, rice, and cattle were brought to the Americas.
