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Learning About the Pendleton Act and Sherman Antitrust Act for Kids

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Learning About the Pendleton Act and Sherman Antitrust Act for Kids
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Katie Noh

@kayteano

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The Pendleton Act of 1881 and Sherman Antitrust Act were key reforms during the Gilded Age that aimed to address corruption in government hiring and monopolistic business practices. These acts, along with concepts like vertical and horizontal integration, shaped the economic landscape of late 19th century America.

11/15/2023

171

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

Pendleton Act and Civil Service Reform

The Pendleton Act of 1881, also known as the Civil Service Reform Act, was a landmark piece of legislation that aimed to reform the federal government's hiring practices.

Key points about the Pendleton Act:

  • Approved on January 16, 1883
  • Created the Civil Service Commission to oversee government job distribution
  • Implemented a merit-based system for hiring federal employees through competitive examinations
  • Prohibited civil servants from making political contributions
  • Initially applied to only 10% of federal jobs, but was later expanded

Highlight: The Pendleton Act was a response to the problematic spoils system, which often led to unqualified individuals obtaining government positions through political connections or bribery.

Example: The assassination of President Garfield by a disgruntled office seeker highlighted the need for civil service reform.

Quote: "What did the Pendleton Act do? It created exams that needed to be passed to get a government role."

President Chester Arthur played a crucial role in supporting and passing the Pendleton Act, which marked a significant step towards professionalizing the federal workforce and reducing corruption in government hiring.

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

View

Andrew Carnegie and the Gospel of Wealth

Andrew Carnegie, a prominent industrialist of the Gilded Age, published his influential essay "The Gospel of Wealth" in June 1889.

Key ideas from Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth:

  • Wealthy individuals have a moral responsibility to use their fortunes for philanthropic purposes
  • Unregulated capitalism, though potentially harsh for individuals, is ultimately beneficial for society
  • The wealthy should use their wealth wisely to improve their communities

Quote: Carnegie argued that though unregulated capitalism might be "hard for the individual" it was "best for the race."

Carnegie practiced what he preached, donating over $350 million of his fortune to fund libraries, universities, concert halls, and other public institutions.

Highlight: Carnegie's philosophy of philanthropy has had a lasting impact on charitable giving by the wealthy, though it has also been criticized as paternalistic.

This period of rapid industrialization and economic growth, known as the Gilded Age, saw the rise of powerful business magnates and the need for government regulation to address the excesses of unfettered capitalism.

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

View

Sherman Antitrust Act and Business Integration

The Sherman Antitrust Act, approved on April 8, 1890, was a groundbreaking piece of legislation aimed at curbing monopolistic practices in American business.

Key aspects of the Sherman Antitrust Act:

  • Prohibited any "contract, combination, in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce"
  • Passed with overwhelming support in both the Senate (51-1) and House (242-0)
  • Initially ineffective due to the "rule of reason" loophole
  • Ironically, sometimes used against labor unions, as strikes were considered a restraint of trade

Highlight: Why was the Sherman Antitrust Act passed? It was enacted to stop monopolies and promote fair competition in the marketplace.

Definition: Sherman Antitrust Act simple definition: A law designed to prevent businesses from becoming too powerful and stifling competition.

The business landscape of the Gilded Age was characterized by two main integration strategies:

  1. Vertical Integration:

    • Control of all stages of production and distribution within an industry
    • Example: Andrew Carnegie's Steel Company controlled everything from coal mines to steel mills and distribution systems
  2. Horizontal Integration:

    • Acquisition or merger with competing companies in the same industry
    • Example: John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company bought out or merged with other oil refineries

Example: Who used vertical integration? Gustavus Swift in meat-packing and Andrew Carnegie in the steel industry.

Vocabulary: Horizontal integration Gilded Age: The process of one company taking control of its former competitors in a specific industry.

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

View

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

View

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

View

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

View

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

View

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

View

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

View

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Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

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Stefan S, iOS User

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SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying

Learning About the Pendleton Act and Sherman Antitrust Act for Kids

user profile picture

Katie Noh

@kayteano

·

3 Followers

Follow

The Pendleton Act of 1881 and Sherman Antitrust Act were key reforms during the Gilded Age that aimed to address corruption in government hiring and monopolistic business practices. These acts, along with concepts like vertical and horizontal integration, shaped the economic landscape of late 19th century America.

11/15/2023

171

 

9th/10th

 

US History

10

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Pendleton Act and Civil Service Reform

The Pendleton Act of 1881, also known as the Civil Service Reform Act, was a landmark piece of legislation that aimed to reform the federal government's hiring practices.

Key points about the Pendleton Act:

  • Approved on January 16, 1883
  • Created the Civil Service Commission to oversee government job distribution
  • Implemented a merit-based system for hiring federal employees through competitive examinations
  • Prohibited civil servants from making political contributions
  • Initially applied to only 10% of federal jobs, but was later expanded

Highlight: The Pendleton Act was a response to the problematic spoils system, which often led to unqualified individuals obtaining government positions through political connections or bribery.

Example: The assassination of President Garfield by a disgruntled office seeker highlighted the need for civil service reform.

Quote: "What did the Pendleton Act do? It created exams that needed to be passed to get a government role."

President Chester Arthur played a crucial role in supporting and passing the Pendleton Act, which marked a significant step towards professionalizing the federal workforce and reducing corruption in government hiring.

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Andrew Carnegie and the Gospel of Wealth

Andrew Carnegie, a prominent industrialist of the Gilded Age, published his influential essay "The Gospel of Wealth" in June 1889.

Key ideas from Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth:

  • Wealthy individuals have a moral responsibility to use their fortunes for philanthropic purposes
  • Unregulated capitalism, though potentially harsh for individuals, is ultimately beneficial for society
  • The wealthy should use their wealth wisely to improve their communities

Quote: Carnegie argued that though unregulated capitalism might be "hard for the individual" it was "best for the race."

Carnegie practiced what he preached, donating over $350 million of his fortune to fund libraries, universities, concert halls, and other public institutions.

Highlight: Carnegie's philosophy of philanthropy has had a lasting impact on charitable giving by the wealthy, though it has also been criticized as paternalistic.

This period of rapid industrialization and economic growth, known as the Gilded Age, saw the rise of powerful business magnates and the need for government regulation to address the excesses of unfettered capitalism.

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Sherman Antitrust Act and Business Integration

The Sherman Antitrust Act, approved on April 8, 1890, was a groundbreaking piece of legislation aimed at curbing monopolistic practices in American business.

Key aspects of the Sherman Antitrust Act:

  • Prohibited any "contract, combination, in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce"
  • Passed with overwhelming support in both the Senate (51-1) and House (242-0)
  • Initially ineffective due to the "rule of reason" loophole
  • Ironically, sometimes used against labor unions, as strikes were considered a restraint of trade

Highlight: Why was the Sherman Antitrust Act passed? It was enacted to stop monopolies and promote fair competition in the marketplace.

Definition: Sherman Antitrust Act simple definition: A law designed to prevent businesses from becoming too powerful and stifling competition.

The business landscape of the Gilded Age was characterized by two main integration strategies:

  1. Vertical Integration:

    • Control of all stages of production and distribution within an industry
    • Example: Andrew Carnegie's Steel Company controlled everything from coal mines to steel mills and distribution systems
  2. Horizontal Integration:

    • Acquisition or merger with competing companies in the same industry
    • Example: John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company bought out or merged with other oil refineries

Example: Who used vertical integration? Gustavus Swift in meat-packing and Andrew Carnegie in the steel industry.

Vocabulary: Horizontal integration Gilded Age: The process of one company taking control of its former competitors in a specific industry.

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

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1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

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1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

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1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

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Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

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Access to all documents

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1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

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Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

1
BLUE TEXTS ARE ALL VIDEOS THAT I GOT THE PERSONAL NOTES FROM
Pendleton Act 1881
GEORGE PENDLETON
DATES: Approved on
January 16, 1883
IMPOR

Sign up to see the content. It's free!

Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

Ranked #1 Education App

Download in

Google Play

Download in

App Store

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

4.9+

Average App Rating

13 M

Students use Knowunity

#1

In Education App Charts in 12 Countries

950 K+

Students uploaded study notes

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

iOS User

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

Stefan S, iOS User

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

SuSSan, iOS User

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying