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by women allowed them a voice too MAPY WOLSTONECRAFT: GIVING WOMEN A VOICE - laid a foundation for womans rights. JEAN JACQUES ROSSEAU: Destroy divine right. 1762 Social contract people: give up certain freedoms for protection government: enforces laws both have their end and need to hold it up CESARE BECCARIA: cruel don't be cruel on 1764 innocent until proven guilty. aconsed have rights and fair trial THOMAS HOBBES: people are evil and need absolute vule STATE OF NATURE- idea of society before government LOCKE Punishments/ criminal rights crimes (punishments • insecure but peaceful HOBBES NATURAL RIGHTS - ~born with these ~ •John Locke life • selfish and greedy Liberty Property government exists to protect these ENCYCLOPEDIA BY DIDEROT - collection of enlightenment ideas ~spread ideas & the world Deism ·Philosophers were still god- fearing • he exists but doesn't interfere Mercantalism 1) export > import 2) colonies = 3) tarrifs/taxes ↑ capitalism cash crops I trade clienteve -supply and demand - private owners control gov. economy, not the for profit ADAM SMITH socialism - all people share equally in the economy allocated by the gov. point stock company. - people put their money together for something (ex. travel) they all profit or thy all lose book: weath of nations. "Laissez- Faire " hands off government should not interfere economy the types of government governments job → keep peace and security anarchy a society living. freely without any authorities or governing bodies --STATE OF NATURE... monarchy •Kingslaneens • power passed through blood absolute - dictatorship constitutional - UK theocracy • god = supreme ruler • leader serves through divine right • holy book caw direct democracy. -only practical in small communities • Athens ↑ BIRTH PLACE 1967 Law xo. dictatorship/ autocracy • one person has unlimited power •military force • all power, no choice. ppl. oligarchy -small group M money = power VOTE yes OVERRIDE - yes "unlimited political pribery" communism) socialism -no capitalism: freedom to ownlmy, sell / prent social classes. •So • government takes an active role in economy one person) My small party republic democracy ^^^ French and Indian 5 dominance over US soil •essential to the American Revolution weakened Great Britain France upset with the outcome. -move reason to side with the colonists - war debt => taxes on the colonists. = new order = Loyalty → nation y monarch NATIONAL ASSEMBLY plan to storm the assom bly ·conis written constitution War French: Estates [(pre-wars] -took 1st: clergy 2nd: nobles 20% Land 3rd: Bourgeoisie Ipeasants 1789-1791 XVI didn't want an actual storming of the -released political prisoners (3) weapons attacked nobles. - Lovis XVI was forced to agree tricolor flag ↑ taxes Bastille 1789 14 how it was formed... 3rd estate leaves during the estates- general 1789 estates general led by louis XVI to deal with finacial crisis. 1789 womans march on versailles ~ king fears his muranr due to enraged public queen Marie Antoinette's brother is the king of Austria and people fear his help declaration of the rights of man - freedom of religioni speech / press -liberty, eanality, fraternity! -property rights. -fair trial - people make. laws constitution of 1791 -France became limited monarchy King = head of state 8 -laws by the legislative Assembly. -only taxpayers vote the ring Flee's royal family seeks help from Austria. - june 1791: caught fleeing. people us full democracy trial for treason kingiqueen-guillotine son - prison - death after loyears - lives. daughter Reight of terror! quillotine-national 2 10 1793-1794 Marat uses his newspapers to put his opinions about the government. - gave names of people to be beheaded -living in the servers caused him to get a skin condition -Kalled by Charlotte Corday in a bathtub 15,000 dead by the national razor ended when Robespiere, the president of public safety, was beheaded ·leader of Jacobins Directory new constitution. -5 man executive commitee •too much arguing -2 house legislature -vich F 102001 growing 2) Poor NAPOLEON Saviour of the revolution won many important battles and saved directory from royelists became general 1799: coup d'etat over the weak, corrupt. directory and seizes control of Franc a dictator (supported by the people) england beet w always fighting other countries. 1) exiled in 1815 welcomed army and comes back. exiled after waterloo defeat again brother takes puver as king Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) - reorganizes europe after napoleonic wars (1803-1815) -4 powers (Austria, prussia, Russia, Great Britain) ask countries to meet in Vienna to shape the continents future -balls 1st of - decisions its -chaos kind -4 powers wanted to make the decisions but France Ң spoin disagreed (want the entire congress international. borders agreements compimises 1814 -1815 BIG ISSVE period of Napoleons rethin - loodays (before and exile) signed by everyone except spain 1815 lasted 40+ years mostly cons- ignored smaller nations (not yet) Imperialism European nations viewed Asian African areas as a source of raw materials and a market for their goods imperialism def: extension of a nations. power over other lands military force over other nations. Great Britain France Africa - raw materials • peanuts suez canal -timber French Rev cont. -hides "lifeline to India" Britain took an active interest in Egypt due to this canal ↓ becam: Livingstone = explover : - oil a British protectorate 1884 1885 Berlin Conference ・only European countries. ·settle confliting claims over land ∙no African delegates invited. Buers Belief white mans burden Boer War 1899-1902 (British Vs Boers) ·caused enemy tribes to be placed together. 1984 T 1 au Old regime countries were ruled through the divine right by absolutism. monarchs clergy so they have the church backing them POWER factors of the French Revolution. -3rd estate was burdened w towes 987. population - Kingl Queen blamed for I wasting. of even though it was mainly the wars upper estates had no taxes мутн! 3 3rd estate wants voting to be by population, king disagrees 3rd estate forms National Assembly "let them eat care" ESTATES GENERAL cont. indoor tennis court 4 oath to make to limit sune a constitution the monarchy... soon! 1781 Louis XVI gives in estates general, national assembly, tennis Court oath, Storming of the bastille, declaration of the rights of man, march on versailles, king frees, royal family dead, reign of terror, Robespierre dies, directory, Napoleon Napoleon exiled x2, congress of vienna dies in prisongos former stare Latin Revolutions creoles a person of european descent born in Latin America and living there permanently. a person born in the Iberian peninsula who resided in latin America and then returned to Europe peninsulares Mestizos. a person of mixed (European caudillo and Native American) descent a strong leader who ruled by military force Haiti - first independent state in latin. America Francis Dominique. France Mexico led more than 100,000 enslaved people in revolt -exports - sugar . coffee Miguel Hidalgo -native americans and mestizos to free themselves -led an army of thousands - frightened creoles and peninsulares so they overthrew Spain spain South America. Jose de San Martin of Argentina. -andes M-pern Simon Bolivar of venezuela - Venezuela, Columbia, Echador pern Joined forces for pern James Monroe declares us to be off-limits. for colonization people may consider congress of Viennal concert of europe a step backward after independence Latin American countries faced loss of people, property, and livestock. rural code: farmers can't leave their land. causes of the Latin American Revolutions • Scientific Revolution. • Enlightenment • American Revolution • French Revolution Napoleonic wars • Spanish Mercantilism •Nationalism •Social Structure · decree of 1793. 1st public abolition of slavery Miguel mexican independence day Hidalgo issued the end to Spanish rule in the central plaza. Gran Columbia - Columbia, venezuela, Panama, Ecuador i imperialism motivations •new markets •nationalism 2 (cont) scramble for africa improved economics • civilize the 'lesser' raw materials •Christianize •Social darwinism (survival of the fittest) hypocrites westerners were having revolutions for rights back home but also taking other countries freedoms Starting outside and make their way in no African unity was an enabler of imperialism enlightenment stopped imperialism for a little while. Industrial revolution before... families were self sufficient forces of change population growing Imove food needed enclosure movement - 1700's British Parliment allowed common areas used for farming to become privately owned -forces smaller farmers off their land crop rotation changed which crop grew in each plot So the soil wasn't un fertile I unused I wasted inventions -seed drill spinning jenny-steam engine. •power loom. effects - more food - more people - - more time cottage industry - big profit for new class of merchants -alternative source of income for peasants lifestyle fitting jobs for women. factories located near power sources. pollution people move into cities. STEAM ENGINE -factory anyw here! ↑ mining ↑ textile production ↑economy ↑ coal = 1 metal effects of the industrial revolution. Socially people moved from mral areas to urban areas. longer life span - increase in population. -increase in pollution. politically capitalism - - people have more rights | say -money = power - laissez-faire. economically - many ways to make money. -agriculture → industry -cheaper products due to mass production