数学117 views·Updated May 12, 2026·1 page

2次関数のグラフの描き方を簡単解説

2次関数のグラフって実は身近なところでよく見かけるんだ。ボールを投げた時の軌跡や、橋のアーチなど、美しい曲線の正体が放物線なんだよ。今回は、この放物線の描き方から移動まで、グラフを自由自在に操れるようになろう。

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# 2次関数のグラフ

## 1. 概要

* 2次関数 $y = ax^2 + bx + c$ のグラフは放物線となる。
* 放物線のグラフの書き方、グラフから読み取れること、グラフの平行移動について学ぶ。

## 2. Key definitions and conc

2次関数のグラフの基本

2次関数 $y = ax^2 + bx + c$ のグラフは、必ず放物線という美しい曲線を描くんだ。この放物線には必ず頂点（折り返し点）があって、そこを通る縦の直線が軸になってる。

放物線の向きは $a$ の値で決まる。 $a > 0$ なら下に凸（お椀を伏せたような形）、 $a < 0$ なら上に凸（お椀のような形）になる。これを覚えておけば、式を見ただけでグラフの向きが分かるよ。

グラフを描くときの最重要ポイントは頂点の座標を求めること。頂点は $\left(-\frac{b}{2a}, -\frac{b^2 - 4ac}{4a}\right)$ で計算できるし、軸は $x = -\frac{b}{2a}$ になる。

💡 コツ: 頂点を求めたら、軸に関して対称な点をいくつか取って、なめらかな曲線で結ぼう！

平行移動も簡単だ。 $y = ax^2$ のグラフを右に $p$ 、上に $q$ 移動すると $y = a(x - p)^2 + q$ になる。符号に注意して覚えよう。

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