Adding and Subtracting Radicals

Just like you can only add 3x + 4x but not 3x + 4y, you can only add or subtract like radicals - those with the same number inside the radical sign. For example, √2 + √2 works, but √2 + √3 stays separate.

When adding like radicals, just add the numbers in front. So 5√2 + 6√2 = 11√2, and 9√3 + 8√5 - 2√3 = 7√3 + 8√5. The radical parts stay exactly the same!

Sometimes you'll need to simplify radicals first to see if they're actually alike. For example, with 4√12 - 6√48, you should break down each radical: 4√12 = 4(2√3) = 8√3 and 6√48 = 6(4√3) = 24√3. Now you can add them: 8√3 - 24√3 = -16√3.

Pro Tip: When working with complicated radical expressions, always simplify each radical first. Look for perfect squares like √4 = 2, √9 = 3, and √16 = 4 that can be pulled out of the radical.

Multiplying Radicals

Multiplying radicals is where things get interesting! You can use the distributive property just like with regular algebra. For example, when multiplying 3√5(2√5 + 5√3), distribute the 3√5 to each term inside the parentheses.

When multiplying the same radicals, like √5 · √5, the result equals √25, which simplifies to 5. This makes sense because √5 · √5 = 5.

For more complex multiplications, you have options. You can either multiply everything and then simplify, or simplify first and then multiply. The second approach is usually easier. For instance, with 4√6(5√3 + 2√4), notice that √4 = 2, so this becomes 4√6(5√3 + 4).

When using FOIL to multiply radical expressions, follow the same steps as with binomials, but be careful with the radical multiplications. Keep track of which radicals combine and which stay separate.

Remember: When multiplying radicals, √a · √b = √(a·b). This means √2 · √3 = √6, which makes multiplying different radicals much easier!