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AP Biology

5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

Heredity

Non-mendelian inheritance

5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance
THE CHROMOSOME THEORY OF INHERITANCE
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I. Introduction to Chromosomal Inheritance
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Chromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic
traits from one generation to the next through the inheritance of
chromosomes.
It involves the study of how genes are located on chromosomes
and how they are passed down during sexual reproduction. II. Structure and Composition of Chromosomes
A. Chromosome Structure
Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells.
They are composed of DNA molecules wrapped around proteins
called histones, forming a complex called chromatin.
Chromosomes become visible during cell division when they
condense.
B. Homologous Chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes that have
the same genes at the same loci but may have different versions
of those genes (alleles).
One homologous chromosome is inherited from the mother
(maternal) and the other from the father (paternal).
III. Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes
A. Sex Chromosomes In humans, sex determination is controlled by the presence of sex
chromosomes.
Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and
one y chromosome (XY).
The sex chromosomes determine the development of primary and
secondary sexual characteristics.
B. Sex-Linked Inheritance
Sex-linked genes are located on the sex chromosomes.
X-linked genes are more commonly associated with diseases
because males have only one X chromosome.
Examples of X-linked disorders include color blindness and
hemophilia.
IV. Patterns of Chromosomal Inheritance
A. Autosomal Inheritance
Autosomal chromosomes refer to non-sex chromosomes. Autosomal inheritance follows Mendelian patterns of inheritance,
including dominant and recessive traits.
B. Linked Genes
Linked genes are located close to each other on the same
chromosome and tend to be inherited together.
The degree of linkage depends on the distance between the genes
on the chromosome.
C. Crossing Over and Genetic Recombination
Crossing over occurs during meiosis, where homologous
chromosomes exchange genetic material.
Crossing over leads to genetic recombination, generating new
combinations of alleles on the chromosomes.
D. Chromosomal Abnormalities
Chromosomal abnormalities can occur due to errors in chromosome
number or structure. Examples include Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and Turner syndrome
(monosomy X).
V. Conclusion
Chromosomal inheritance is a fundamental concept in biology that
explains how genetic information is passed down through
generations.
Understanding the structure and behavior of chromosomes helps
us comprehend patterns of inheritance and the occurrence of
genetic disorders.

5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

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5.6 Chromosomal Inheritance

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Knowunity is the # 1 ranked education app in five European countries

Knowunity was a featured story by Apple and has consistently topped the app store charts within the education category in Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Join Knowunity today and help millions of students around the world.

4.9+

13 M

#1

950 K+

Still not sure? Look at what your fellow peers are saying...

I love this app so much [...] I recommend Knowunity to everyone!!! I went from a C to an A with it :D

The application is very simple and well designed. So far I have found what I was looking for :D

Love this App ❤️, I use it basically all the time whenever I'm studying